Waxaa ka mid ah arrimaha caalamiga ah ee saameeya dhoofinta ganacsiga dharka ee Shiinaha, inkastoo Vietnam aysan cadaadis toos ah ku saarin canshuur adag, baaritaanno ganacsi oo isdaba-joog ah, ama siyaasado kale oo ganacsi oo toos ah, ballaarinta degdega ah ee warshadaha dharka iyo dharka iyo meelaynta saxda ah ee suuqa ayaa ka dhigtay tartanka udub-dhexaadka ah ee Shiinaha ee suuqa dharka caalamiga ah - gaar ahaan suuqa Maraykanka. Saamaynta aan tooska ahayn ee dhaqdhaqaaqeeda horumarinta warshadaha ee dhoofinta ganacsiga dharka ee Shiinaha ayaa si joogto ah u sii qoto dheereysa.
Marka loo eego dariiqooyinka horumarinta warshadaha, kor u kaca warshadaha dharka iyo dharka ee Vietnam maaha shil, laakiin waa "horumar ku salaysan koox" oo ay taageerayaan faa'iidooyin badan. Dhinaca kale, Vietnam waxay ku faantaa faa'iidada kharashka shaqada: celceliska mushaharka wax soo saarka waa 1/3 ilaa 1/2 ee Shiinaha, iyo sahayda shaqadu waa ku filan tahay, soo jiidashada tiro badan oo ah noocyada dharka caalamiga ah iyo kuwa qandaraaslayaasha ah si ay u geeyaan awoodda wax soo saarka. Tusaale ahaan, noocyada dharka caanka ah ee caanka ah sida Uniqlo iyo ZARA waxay ku wareejiyeen in ka badan 30% amarada OEM amarada warshadaha Vietnam, iyaga oo kaxeynaya awoodda wax soo saarka dharka Vietnam inay kordhiso 12% sanad walba sanadka 2024, iyagoo gaaraya wax soo saar sanadle ah oo ah 12 bilyan oo xabbo. Dhanka kale, Vietnam waxay dhistay faa'iidooyinka helitaanka suuqa iyada oo si firfircoon u saxeexday Heshiisyada Ganacsiga Xorta ah (FTAs): Heshiiska Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Vietnam-EU (EVFTA) wuxuu shaqeynayay sanado badan, taas oo u oggolaanaysa dharka Vietnamese iyo alaabta dharka si ay ugu raaxaystaan daawaynta cashuur-la'aanta marka loo dhoofiyo Midowga Yurub; heshiiska ganacsiga ee laba geesoodka ah ee lala gaaray Mareykanka wuxuu sidoo kale siinayaa shuruudo tariif ah oo door bideysa si ay alaabooyinkooda u galaan suuqa Mareykanka. Taas bedelkeeda, qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka dunta ee Shiinaha ayaa wali la kulma canshuuro ama caqabado farsamo marka loo dhoofiyo Midowga Yurub iyo Maraykanka Intaa waxaa dheer, dawladda Vietnam waxay dardargelisay hagaajinta qaabaynta silsiladda warshadaha oo buuxda (daboolanaysa duubista, tolida, dheeynta, iyo soo saarista dharka) iyada oo la dhisayo jardiinooyin warshadeed dhar ah iyo bixinta dhiirigelin cashuureed (tusaale, shirkad cusub oo la bilaabay cashuur-dhaaf ah) 50% hoos u dhac 9 sano ee soo socda). Marka la gaaro 2024, heerka taageerada maxalliga ah ee silsiladda warshadaha dharka ee Vietnam ayaa kor uga kacday 45% sanadka 2019 ilaa 68%, taas oo si weyn hoos ugu dhigaysa ku tiirsanaanta dharka iyo agabka dibadda laga keeno, soo gaabinaysa wareegyada wax soo saarka, iyo kor u qaadista xawaaraha jawaabta.
Faa'iidada warshadaha ayaa si toos ah loogu beddelay koror degdeg ah ee saamiga suuqa caalamiga ah. Gaar ahaan ka soo horjeeda xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ka jirta ganacsiga dharka ee Shiinaha-Mareykanka, saameynta suuqa ee Vietnam ee Shiinaha ayaa noqotay mid caan ah. Xogta ku saabsan soo dejinta dharka Mareykanka ee Janaayo ilaa May 2025 ayaa muujineysa in saamiga Shiinaha ee soo dejinta dharka Mareykanka uu hoos ugu dhacay 17.2%, halka Vietnam ay dhaaftay Shiinaha markii ugu horeysay iyada oo leh 17.5%. Xogtan waxaa ka danbeysa xamaasadda iyo qulqulka tartanka labada dal oo qaybsan. Gaar ahaan, Vietnam waxay muujisay tartan cajiib ah oo ku saabsan beeraha xoogga badan sida dharka suufka ah iyo dharka tolida ah: suuqyada Maraykanka, qiimaha halbeegga funaanadaha suufka ah ee ay dhoofiso Vietnam 8% -12% ayaa ka hooseeya badeecadaha Shiinaha ee la midka ah, celceliska wareegga dhalmada waxaa la soo gaabiyey 5-7 maalmood. Tani waxay ku kaliftay tafaariiqleyaasha Mareykanka sida Walmart iyo Target inay u beddelaan amaro badan oo ku saabsan dharka nooca aasaasiga ah Vietnam. Dhinaca dharka shaqada, Vietnam sidoo kale waxay dardargelinaysaa qabashadooda. Soo saarista khadadka wax soo saarka horumarsan ee Shiinaha iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed, mugga dhoofinta dharka isboorti ayaa dhaaftay 8 bilyan oo doolarka Mareykanka ah 2024, koror sanadle ah oo ah 18%, taas oo sii weecineysa bartamaha ilaa dhamaadka-dhamaadka amarada dharka isboortiga ee asal ahaan iska leh Shiinaha.
Shirkadaha dhoofinta ganacsiga dharka ee Shiinaha, cadaadiska tartanka ka imanaya Vietnam ma aha oo kaliya ka muuqda cidhiidhiga saamiyada suuqa laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku khasbaysaa shirkadaha Shiinaha inay dardargeliyaan isbeddelkooda. Dhinac, qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha dharka ee Shiinaha ee ku tiirsan suuqa dhexe ilaa-hoose ee Maraykanka ayaa wajahaya laba daran mid dooro oo kala dambaynta iyo hoos u dhaca faa'iidada. Shirkadaha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah, gaar ahaan, waxay ka maqan yihiin faa'iidooyinka calaamadda iyo awoodda gorgortanka, iyaga oo gelinaya boos aan qarsoodi ahayn oo tartan qiimo ah kula jira shirkadaha Vietnamese. Waa inay joogteeyaan hawlgallada iyagoo yareynaya xad-dhaafka faa'iidada ama hagaajinta qaabdhismeedka macaamiisha. Dhanka kale, tartankani wuxuu sidoo kale u horseeday kor u qaadista warshadaha dharka Shiinaha ee horumarinta heerka sare iyo horumarinta kala duwan: tirada sii kordheysa ee shirkadaha Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay inay kordhiyaan maalgashiga R & D ee dharka cagaaran (sida polyester-ka dib loo warshadeeyay iyo suufka organic) iyo qalabka shaqada (sida dharka bakteeriyada iyo dharka heerkulka-xakamaynta caqliga leh). Sannadkii 2024-kii, mugga dhoofinta wax-soo-saarka dunta dib loo warshadeeyay ee Shiinaha ayaa kordhay 23% sannadkiiba, taasoo ka sarreysa heerka kobaca guud ee wax-soo-saarka dunta. Isla mar ahaantaana, shirkadaha Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale xoojinaya wacyigelinta astaanta, hagaajinta aqoonsiga calaamadahooda suuqyada Yurub iyo Ameerika ee bartamaha-ilaa-dhamaadka sare iyagoo ka qaybgalaya bandhigyo caalami ah iyo la shaqeynta naqshadeeyayaasha dibadda, si looga takhaluso "ku-tiirsanaanta OEM" oo loo yareeyo ku tiirsanaanta hal suuq iyo tartan qiimo jaban.
Mustaqbalka fog, kor u kaca warshadaha dharka ee Vietnam ayaa noqday doorsoome muhiim ah oo dib u qaabaynta qaabka suuqa dharka ee caalamiga ah. Tartanka ay kula jirto Shiinaha ma aha "ciyaaraha eber" laakiin waa awood labada dhinacba ah si ay u gaaraan horumar kala duwan oo ku saabsan xiriirka kala duwan ee silsiladda warshadaha. Haddii shirkadaha dharka ee Shiinaha ay ka faa'iideysan karaan fursadda cusboonaysiinta warshadaha oo ay ka dhisaan caqabado cusub oo tartan ah meelaha sida R&D tignoolajiyada, sumadda dhisidda, iyo wax soo saarka cagaaran, weli waxaa la filayaa inay ku xoojiyaan faa'iidooyinkooda suuqa dharka-dhamaadka sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddada gaaban, cadaadiska tartanka Vietnam ee suuqa dhexe-ilaa-hoose ayaa sii jiri doona. Dhoofinta ganacsiga dharka ee Shiinaha waxay u baahan tahay inay sii wanaajiso qaab dhismeedka suuqa, balaadhiso suuqyada soo koraya ee ku teedsan "Suunka iyo Jidka," iyo hagaajinta waxtarka is-dhexgalka ee silsiladda warshadaha si ay ula qabsadaan caqabadaha cusub ee tartanka suuqa caalamiga ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-15-2025