Mu gihe habaye impinduka mu kugabana imirimo ku isi ku rwego rw’imirimo, kwishingikiriza ku bihugu bimwe na bimwe ku myenda iva mu Bushinwa bw’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa kubera inganda zitera inkunga ni ikintu kigaragara mu miterere y’inganda mpuzamahanga zigezweho.
Kudahuza Hagati yo guhinduranya hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushyigikira inganda
Mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’ibiciro nk’umurimo n’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi, amasosiyete y’imyenda yamamaye hamwe n’abacuruzi benshi bo mu bihugu byateye imbere nk’Uburayi, Amerika, n’Ubuyapani rwose bahinduye amabwiriza yo gutunganya imyenda muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo (nka Vietnam na Bangladesh), Amerika yepfo (nka Peru na Kolombiya), na Aziya yo hagati (nka Uzubekisitani). Utu turere, hamwe n’ibiciro by’umurimo muke hamwe n’inyungu z’ibiciro, byahindutse ahantu hagaragara mu gukora amasezerano y’imyenda. Nyamara, ibitagenda neza mubushobozi bwabo bwo gushyigikira inganda byahindutse igisitaza mubushobozi bwabo bwo kubona ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Dufashe nk'urugero rwo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mugihe uruganda rwimyenda rushobora gukora uburyo bwibanze bwo gutema no kudoda, umusaruro wimyenda yo hejuru uhura nimbogamizi zikomeye:
1. Ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga bigarukira:Ibikoresho bizunguruka kumyenda myinshi yipamba (urugero, 60 kubara no hejuru), ibikoresho byo kuboha kumyenda myinshi, yuzuye cyane ya greige (urugero, ubwinshi bwintambara ya 180 cyangwa irenga kuri santimetero imwe), hamwe nibikoresho byo gukora kumyenda yo murwego rwohejuru bifite imiterere ikora nka antibacterial, idashobora kwihanganira inkeke, hamwe nubuhumekero bitumizwa hanze cyane, mugihe ubushobozi bwibikorwa byaho ari bike. Keqiao, ibamo Umujyi w’imyenda mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’umukandara w’inganda, nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iterambere, bashizeho ihuriro ry’ibikoresho byuzuye bikubiyemo urwego rwose rw’inganda, kuva kuzunguruka no kuboha kugeza irangi no kurangiza, bituma umusaruro uhamye w’imyenda yujuje ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
2. Ubufatanye budahagije mu nganda:Umusaruro wimyenda urasaba ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yinganda zo hejuru no kumanuka, harimo amarangi, abafasha, nibice byimashini zidoda. Kubura imiyoboro ifasha mu nganda zikora imiti no gufata neza imashini mu bihugu byinshi byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya bivamo umusaruro muke ndetse n’igiciro kinini mu gukora imyenda. Kurugero, niba uruganda rwimyenda rwo muri Vietnam rukeneye kugura icyiciro cyimyenda myinshi ya pamba ya greige, inzitizi yo kugemura kubatanga ibicuruzwa byaho irashobora kumara iminsi 30, kandi ubuziranenge ntibuhuye. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa Umujyi w’imyenda birashobora kugera mu minsi 15 binyuze mu bikoresho byambukiranya imipaka, kandi ibara ry’ibara ritandukanye, gutandukana kwinshi, n’ibindi bipimo birashobora kugenzurwa.
3. Ubudasa mu bakozi bafite ubuhanga no kuyobora:Umusaruro wimyenda yongerewe agaciro bisaba urwego rwo hejuru cyane rwabakozi (nko gusiga irangi ryubushyuhe no gutahura inenge yimyenda) hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga uruganda (nkumusaruro unanutse kandi ukurikirana neza). Abakozi bafite ubuhanga mu nganda zimwe na zimwe zo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya ntibafite ubumenyi buhagije bwo kuzuza umusaruro w’imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nyamara, binyuze mu iterambere rirambye, inganda zo mu Bushinwa Umujyi w’imyenda zahinze abakozi benshi bafite ubuhanga bafite ubushobozi buhanitse bwo gukora. Kurenga 60% byibi bigo byabonye ibyemezo mpuzamahanga nka ISO na OEKO-TEX, bibafasha kuzuza ibisabwa kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byamamaye ku isi.
Ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro byishingikiriza cyane kumyenda yubushinwa
Muri ubu buryo bw’inganda, amasosiyete yimyenda yo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Amerika yepfo, na Aziya yo Hagati byanze bikunze biterwa n’imyenda y’Abashinwa niba bashaka kubona ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro biva mu bicuruzwa by’iburayi n’Amerika (nk'imyambarire yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, imyenda ya siporo ikora, na OEM ku bicuruzwa bihenze). Ibi bigaragarira muburyo bukurikira:
1. Bangladesh:Nk’umwanya wa kabiri mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga, inganda z’imyenda ahanini zitanga imyenda yo hasi. Ariko, mu myaka yashize, mu rwego rwo kwaguka ku isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ryatangiye kwakira ibicuruzwa biva hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru biva ku bicuruzwa nka ZARA na H&M. Aya mabwiriza akenera imyenda ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wamabara hamwe nicyemezo cyibidukikije (nka GOTS ipamba kama). Nyamara, amasosiyete y’imyenda yo muri Bangaladeshi agarukira gusa mu gukora imyenda mito mito, ibahatira gutumiza hejuru ya 70% yimyenda yabo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru iva mu Bushinwa. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa poplin hamwe no kurambura denim kuva mu Bushinwa Imyenda Umujyi nibintu byingenzi byaguzwe.
2. Vietnam:Nubwo inganda zayo zidoda zateye imbere ugereranije, haracyari icyuho murwego rwohejuru. Kurugero, ibirango by'imikino nganda zamasezerano ya Nike na Adidas muri Vietnam zitanga imyenda yogeza amazi hamwe nigitambara cyo kuboha antibacterial kumyenda yimikino yabigize umwuga, biva mubushinwa 90%. Imyenda ikora mu Bushinwa Imyenda ikora, bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga rihamye, itegeka hafi 60% by'imigabane yo ku isoko ryaho.
3. Pakisitani na Indoneziya: Inganda z’imyenda muri ibi bihugu byombi zirakomeye mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ariko ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubudodo bw’imyenda myinshi (80 na hejuru) hamwe n’imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irakomeye. Kugira ngo abakiriya b’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Abanyamerika bakeneye “imyenda yo kwambara cyane, yuzuye cyane,” amasosiyete y’imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo muri Pakisitani atumiza mu mahanga 65% by’ibisabwa buri mwaka mu Bushinwa bw’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa. Inganda z’abayisilamu bo muri Indoneziya zagize iterambere ryihuse mu myaka yashize, kandi 70% by’imyenda ya drape ikenewe mu gitambaro cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru ndetse n’imyenda nayo ituruka mu Bushinwa.
Inyungu ndende kubushinwa Umujyi wimyenda
Uku kwishingikiriza ntabwo ari ibintu byigihe gito, ahubwo bituruka kumwanya wigihe cyo kuzamura inganda. Gushiraho uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya no mu tundi turere bisaba gutsinda inzitizi nyinshi, harimo guteza imbere ibikoresho, gukusanya ikoranabuhanga, n’ubufatanye mu nganda, bikagorana kubigeraho mu gihe gito. Ibi bitanga inkunga ihamye kandi idahwema gushyigikirwa nu Bushinwa imyenda y’imyenda yoherezwa mu mahanga: ku ruhande rumwe, Umujyi w’imyenda w’Ubushinwa urashobora kwishingikiriza ku nyungu z’uruganda rusanzweho kugira ngo uhuze isoko ryarwo mu rwego rw’imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru; ku rundi ruhande, uko igipimo cy’imyenda yoherezwa muri utwo turere cyaguka (biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya byiyongera ku gipimo cya 8% mu 2024), icyifuzo cy’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa nacyo kizazamuka icyarimwe, bibe icyerekezo cyiza cyo “kohereza ibicuruzwa - gushyigikira kwishingikiriza - kuzamuka mu mahanga”.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-30-2025