Kukula kwa Zovala zaku Vietnam: Zokhudza Zogulitsa Zakunja zaku China & Shift Yamsika

Zina mwazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimakhudza malonda akunja akunja aku China, ngakhale Vietnam sinakhalepo ndi chitsenderezo chachindunji kudzera mumitengo yokhazikika, kufufuza pafupipafupi pazamalonda, kapena mfundo zina zachindunji zamalonda, kukulirakulira kwake kwamakampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala komanso kaimidwe koyenera kamsika kwapangitsa kuti ikhale mpikisano waukulu waku China pamsika wapadziko lonse wa nsalu, makamaka msika waku US. Kukhudza kwachitukuko kwa mafakitale ake pamalonda akunja a nsalu ku China kukukulirakulirabe.

Malinga ndi njira za chitukuko cha mafakitale, kukwera kwa mafakitale a nsalu ndi zovala ku Vietnam sikunangochitika mwangozi, koma "kupambana kochokera kumagulu" kothandizidwa ndi ubwino wambiri. Kumbali imodzi, Vietnam ili ndi phindu la mtengo wantchito: malipiro ake ambiri opanga ndi 1/3 mpaka 1/2 ya China, ndipo ntchito yake ndiyokwanira, kukopa anthu ambiri opanga nsalu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi opanga mapangano kuti atumize mphamvu zopanga. Mwachitsanzo, zovala zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi monga Uniqlo ndi ZARA zasamutsa zopitilira 30% za OEM zomwe adagula kumafakitole aku Vietnam, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mphamvu zopanga zovala zaku Vietnam zichuluke ndi 12% pachaka mu 2024, zomwe zidafika 12 biliyoni pachaka. Kumbali ina, Vietnam yamanga mwayi wopeza msika posayina mwachangu Mapangano Ogulitsa Ufulu (FTAs): Pangano la Vietnam-EU Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) lakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, kulola zovala zaku Vietnamese ndi zovala kuti zisangalale ndi chithandizo chaulere zikatumizidwa ku EU; mgwirizano wamalonda wapakati pa mayiko awiriwa womwe unafikiridwa ndi US umaperekanso mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yamitengo kuti zinthu zake zilowe mumsika wa US. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zina za nsalu zaku China zimakumanabe ndi msonkho kapena zolepheretsa zina zikatumizidwa ku EU ndi ku US Kuonjezera apo, boma la Vietnamese lalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo njira zonse zamakampani (zophimba, kuluka, utoto, ndi kupanga zovala) pokhazikitsa malo ogulitsa nsalu ndi kupereka chilimbikitso chamisonkho (mwachitsanzo, mabizinesi omwe angobwera kumene amatha kusangalala ndi msonkho wazaka 4). kukhululukidwa ndi kuchepetsa 50% kwa zaka 9 zotsatira). Pofika chaka cha 2024, chiwongola dzanja chamakampani opanga nsalu ku Vietnam chidakwera kuchoka pa 45% mu 2019 mpaka 68%, kuchepetsa kudalira kwake pansalu ndi zina zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa kupanga, ndikuwonjezera liwiro loyankha.

Ubwino wa mafakitalewa wasinthidwa mwachindunji kukhala chiwonjezeko chofulumira cha msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Makamaka potengera kusatsimikizika komwe kwatsala pang'ono kugulitsa nsalu ku China ndi US, kusintha kwa msika wa Vietnam ku China kwakula kwambiri. Zambiri pazogulitsa zovala zaku US kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi 2025 zikuwonetsa kuti gawo la China pazogula zaku US latsika mpaka 17.2%, pomwe Vietnam idaposa China koyamba ndi gawo 17.5%. Kumbuyo kwa deta iyi kuli kutsika ndi kuyenda kwa mpikisano pakati pa mayiko awiriwa m'magulu amagulu. Mwachindunji, Vietnam yawonetsa mpikisano wodabwitsa m'magawo olimbikira ntchito monga zovala za thonje ndi zovala zoluka: pamsika waku US, mtengo wamtengo wa T-shirts wa thonje wotumizidwa kunja ndi Vietnam ndi 8% -12% wotsika kuposa wazinthu zofananira zaku China, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yobweretsera imafupikitsidwa ndi masiku 5-7. Izi zapangitsa ogulitsa aku US ngati Walmart ndi Target kuti asinthe maoda owonjezera a zovala zoyambira ku Vietnam. Pankhani ya zovala zogwirira ntchito, Vietnam ikufulumizitsanso kugwira kwake. Poyambitsa mizere yapamwamba yopangira zinthu kuchokera ku China ndi South Korea, kuchuluka kwa zovala zake zamasewera kudapitilira madola 8 biliyoni aku US mu 2024, chiwonjezeko cha 18% pachaka, ndikupangitsa kuti zovala zapakati mpaka zotsika zomwe zidali za China.

Kwa mabizinesi aku China omwe amagulitsa nsalu zakunja, kukakamiza kwa mpikisano kuchokera ku Vietnam sikungowonekera pakufinya kwa msika komanso kukakamiza mabizinesi aku China kuti afulumizitse kusintha kwawo. Kumbali ina, mabizinesi ena aku China opangira nsalu omwe amadalira msika waku US wapakati mpaka wotsika akukumana ndi vuto la kutayika kwa madongosolo komanso kuchepa kwa phindu. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, makamaka, alibe maubwino amtundu ndi mphamvu zogulitsira, zomwe zimawayika pamalo opanda pake pampikisano wamitengo ndi mabizinesi aku Vietnam. Ayenera kusunga magwiridwe antchito pochepetsa malire a phindu kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a makasitomala awo. Kumbali ina, mpikisano uwu wachititsanso kukweza kwa mafakitale a nsalu ku China kupita ku chitukuko chapamwamba komanso chosiyana: chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha mabizinesi aku China ayamba kuonjezera ndalama za R & D mu nsalu zobiriwira (monga poliyesitala wokonzedwanso ndi thonje lachilengedwe) ndi zipangizo zogwirira ntchito (monga nsalu za antibacterial ndi nsalu zanzeru zowongolera kutentha). Mu 2024, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ku China zomwe zasinthidwanso zidakwera ndi 23% pachaka, kupitilira kukula kwazinthu zogulitsa kunja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mabizinesi aku China akulimbikitsanso kuzindikira kwamtundu, kupititsa patsogolo kuzindikirika kwa malonda awo m'misika yapakatikati mpaka yotsika kwambiri ku Europe ndi America pochita nawo ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikugwirizana ndi opanga kunja, kuti achotse "kudalira kwa OEM" ndikuchepetsa kudalira msika umodzi komanso mpikisano wamitengo yotsika.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kukwera kwa malonda a nsalu ku Vietnam kwakhala kusintha kofunikira pakukonzanso msika wapadziko lonse wa nsalu. Mpikisano wake ndi China si "masewera a zero-sum" koma mphamvu yoyendetsa mbali zonse ziwiri kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chosiyana mu maulalo osiyanasiyana a unyolo wa mafakitale. Ngati mabizinesi aku China atha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokweza mafakitale ndikupanga zotchinga zatsopano m'malo monga ukadaulo wa R&D, zomanga zamitundu, komanso kupanga zobiriwira, akuyembekezeka kuphatikizira zabwino zawo pamsika wa nsalu zapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, m'kanthawi kochepa, kukakamizidwa kwa Vietnam pa msika wapakati mpaka kutsika kudzapitirirabe. Kugulitsa kunja kwa nsalu ku China kumayenera kupititsa patsogolo msika, kukulitsa misika yomwe ikubwera motsatira "Belt and Road," ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amakampani kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zatsopano pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Shitouchenli

oyang'anira ogulitsa

Ndife kampani yotsogola yogulitsa nsalu zoluka ndi cholinga champhamvu chopatsa makasitomala athu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu. Udindo wathu wapadera monga fakitale yopangira gwero umatilola kuphatikizira mosasunthika zida zopangira, kupanga, ndi utoto, zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi wopikisana pamitengo ndi mtundu.
Monga bwenzi lodalirika pamakampani opanga nsalu, timanyadira luso lathu lopereka nsalu zapamwamba pamitengo yopikisana. Kudzipereka kwathu pakuchita bwino komanso kukhutira kwamakasitomala kwatiyika kukhala ogulitsa odalirika komanso odalirika pamsika.