Ngomhla zingama-29 kuJulayi 2025, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo yezohwebo evela ku-European Union (EU) kudonse ukunaka okubalulekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yendwangu yase-China. I-European Commission yethule ngokusemthethweni uphenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kwentambo yenayiloni engeniswe ivela e-China, kulandela isicelo se-Special Alliance of European Nylon Yarn Producers. Lolu phenyo aluqondile kuphela izigaba ezine zemikhiqizo ngaphansi kwamakhodi entela 54023100, 54024500, 54025100, kanye no-54026100 kodwa futhi luhilela umthamo wokuhweba olinganiselwa ku-$70.51 wezigidi. Amabhizinisi aseShayina athintekile agxile kakhulu kumaqoqo emboni yendwangu eZhejiang, eJiangsu, nakwezinye izifundazwe, okunomthelela kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni—kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuya ekuqedeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe—kanye nokuzinza kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zemisebenzi.
Ngemuva Kophenyo: Ukuncintisana Kwezimboni Ezihlanganisiwe kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwezohwebo
Imbangela yophenyo lwe-EU olumelene nokulahlwa ilele ekukhangweni okuhlangene kwabakhiqizi bendawo baseYurophu bezintambo zenayiloni. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imboni yezintambo zenayiloni yaseShayina ithole isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yomhlaba wonke, iqhutshwa ukusekelwa kwayo kweketango lezimboni ezivuthiwe, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe, nokuthunyelwa kwe-EU kukhula kancane kancane. Abakhiqizi base-Europe baphikisa ngokuthi amabhizinisi aseShayina kungenzeka athengisa imikhiqizo “ngenani eliphansi elijwayelekile,” okubangela “ukulimala okuphathekayo” noma “usongo lokulimala” embonini yasekhaya ye-EU. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni umfelandawonye wezimboni ufake isikhalazo kuKhomishini YaseYurophu.
Mayelana nezici zomkhiqizo, izinhlobo ezine zentambo yenayiloni eziphenywayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingutsheni, ezindwangu zasekhaya, ezintweni zokuhlunga zezimboni, nakweminye imikhakha, esebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lwezimboni. Izinzuzo zezimboni zaseShayina kulo mkhakha azizange zivele ngokuphazima kweso: izifunda ezifana neZhejiang neJiangsu zenze uhlelo oluphelele lokukhiqiza, kusukela kumashiphu enayiloni (izinto zokusetshenziswa) kuye ekuphotheni nokudaya. Amabhizinisi ahamba phambili athuthukise ukusebenza kahle ngokwethula imigqa yokukhiqiza ekhaliphile, kuyilapho amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo enciphise izindleko zokuhlela nezokusebenzisana ngokusebenzisa imiphumela yeqoqo, okunikeza imikhiqizo yawo ukuncintisana okuqinile kokusebenza kwezindleko. Nokho, lokhu kukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, okusekelwa isimiso sezimboni esiqinile, kuye kwahunyushwa amabhizinisi athile aseYurophu “njengokuncintisana okungafanele,” okuholele ophenyweni ekugcineni.
Umthelela Oqondile Ezinkampanini ZaseShayina: Izindleko Ezikhuphukayo Nokukhula Ukungaqiniseki Kwemakethe
Ukwethulwa kophenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kusho “impi yohwebo” yezinyanga eziyi-12-18 emabhizinisini aseShayina abandakanyekayo, okunomthelela obhebhetheka ngokushesha usuka kunqubomgomo uye ezinqumweni zawo zokukhiqiza nokusebenza.
Okokuqala, kukhonaukuguquguquka kwe-oda yesikhathi esifushane. Amakhasimende e-EU angase abe nesimo sengqondo sokulinda nokubona phakathi nophenyo, ngama-oda esikhathi eside asengozini yokubambezeleka noma yokwehliswa. Emabhizinisini athembele emakethe ye-EU (ikakhulukazi lawo lapho i-EU ithatha ngaphezu kuka-30% wokuthunyelwa ngaphandle konyaka), imiyalo eyehlayo ithinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi lezintambo eZhejiang uveze ukuthi ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kophenyo, amakhasimende amabili aseJalimane amise izingxoxo ngama-oda amasha, esho isidingo "sokuhlola ubungozi bentela yokugcina."
Okwesibili, zikhonaukukhuphuka okufihliwe kwezindleko zokuhweba. Ukuphendula uphenyo, amabhizinisi kufanele atshale izinsiza ezibalulekile zabantu nezezimali ekulungiseleleni izinto zokuvikela, okuhlanganisa ukuhlunga izindleko zokukhiqiza, amanani okuthengisa, kanye nedatha yokuthekelisa yeminyaka emithathu edlule. Amanye amabhizinisi nawo adinga ukuqasha amafemu endawo asemthethweni e-EU, ngezimali zokuqala zomthetho ezingase zifinyelele amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-RMB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uphenyo ekugcineni luthola ukulahlwa futhi lubeka imisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa (okungasukela kumashumi ambalwa wamaphesenti kuya ngaphezu kwe-100%), inzuzo yentengo yemikhiqizo yamaShayina emakethe ye-EU izoguguleka kakhulu, futhi bangase baphoqeleke ngisho nokuhoxa emakethe.
Umthelela ofinyelela kude kakhulu yiukungaqiniseki ekuhlelweni kwemakethe. Ukuze kugwenywe izingozi, amabhizinisi angase aphoqeleke ukuthi alungise amasu awo okuthumela impahla—ngokwesibonelo, ukushintsha imikhiqizo ethile ekuqaleni eyayimiselwe i-EU iye ezimakethe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNingizimu Melika, njll. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe ezintsha kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi nezinsiza, futhi abakwazi ukunxephezela ngokushesha igebe elishiywe yimakethe ye-EU esikhathini esifushane. Ibhizinisi lentambo eliphakathi nendawo e-Jiangsu selivele liqalile ukucwaninga iziteshi zokucubungula zase-Vietnamese, lihlela ukunciphisa ubungozi ngokusebenzisa "izwe lesithathu." Lokhu, nokho, ngokungangabazeki kuzokwengeza izindleko eziphakathi nendawo futhi kuphinde kuncinde izilinganiso zenzuzo.
I-Ripple Effects Kuwo Wonke Uchungechunge Lwezimboni: I-Domino Effect kusukela kumabhizinisi ukuya kuma-Industrial Clusters
Imvelo ehlangene yomkhakha wezintambo zenayiloni yaseShayina isho ukuthi ukushaqeka kwesixhumanisi esisodwa kungasakazeka phezulu nomfula. Abahlinzeki abaphezulu bamashiphu enayiloni kanye nezimboni zokuluka ezansi nomfula (ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi endwangu agxile ekuthekeliseni) bangase bathintwe ukuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwentambo kwamanye amazwe.
Isibonelo, amabhizinisi endwangu e-Shaoxing, e-Zhejiang, asebenzisa kakhulu intambo yasendaweni ukuze akhiqize izindwangu zezingubo zangaphandle, kanti u-30% uthunyelwa e-EU. Uma amabhizinisi entambo ehlisa ukukhiqizwa ngenxa yophenyo, izimboni zendwangu zingase zibhekane nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza okungazinzile noma ukunyuka kwamanani. Ngokuphambene, uma amabhizinisi entambo ehlisa izintengo zokuthengiswa kwasekhaya ukuze alondoloze ukuhamba kwemali, kungase kuqalise ukuncintisana kwamanani emakethe yasekhaya, kucindezele amamajini enzuzo yasendaweni. Lokhu kusabela kweketango ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwezimboni kuhlola ukuqina kwengozi yamaqoqo ezimboni.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uphenyo luphinde lusebenze njengocingo lokuvusa imboni yezintambo zenayiloni yaseChina: esimweni sokukhuphuka kokuvikelwa kohwebo emhlabeni wonke, imodeli yokukhula ethembele kuphela ezinzuzweni zamanani ayisasimame. Amanye amabhizinisi ahamba phambili aseqalile ukusheshisa uguquko, njengokwakha intambo yenayiloni esebenzayo enenani eliphezulu (isb, i-antibacterial, i-flame-retardant, nezinhlobo ezibolayo), ukunciphisa ukuthembela “ezimpini zamanani” ngokuncintisana okuhlukene. Khonamanjalo, izinhlangano zezimboni zikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezinhlelo zokubalwa kwezindleko ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamabhizinisi, ziqongelela idatha ukuze zibhekane nezingxabano zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Uphenyo lwe-EU olumelene nokulahlwa empeleni luyinkomba ye-博弈 yezintshisekelo zemboni kunqubo yokuhlelwa kabusha kochungechunge lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke. Emabhizinisini aseShayina, lokhu kuyinselelo kanye nethuba lokuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Indlela yokuvikela amalungelo abo ngaphakathi kohlaka oluthobelayo kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuthembela emakethe eyodwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezimakethe kuzoba yinkinga evamile kuyo yonke imboni esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-13-2025