Ngomhla wama-29 kuJulayi, ngo-2025, uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo oluvela kwiManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU) lwatsala umdla obalulekileyo kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino lwamalaphu lwaseTshayina. IKomishoni yaseYurophu iqalise ngokusesikweni uphando oluchasene nokulahlwa kumsonto wenayiloni osuka eTshayina, kulandela isicelo seManyano eKhethekileyo yaBavelisi beNayiloni baseYurophu. Olu phando alujolise kuphela kwiindidi ezine zeemveliso phantsi kweekhowudi zerhafu 54023100, 54024500, 54025100, kunye ne-54026100 kodwa ibandakanya umthamo worhwebo malunga ne-70.51 yezigidi zeedola. Amashishini achaphazelekayo aseShayina agxininiswe kakhulu kumashishini e-textile e-Zhejiang, e-Jiangsu, nakwamanye amaphondo, kunye nefuthe kwikhonkco lezoshishino lonke-ukusuka kwimveliso yezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekupheleni kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle-kunye nokuzinza kwamashumi amawaka emisebenzi.
Ngasemva koPhando: uKhuphiswano oluDibeneyo loShishino kunye noKhuseleko loRhwebo
Isiqalo sophando lwe-EU oluchasene nokulahlwa lulele kwisibheno esihlangeneyo sabavelisi bemisonto benayiloni basekuhlaleni baseYurophu. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, ishishini laseTshayina lomsonto wenayiloni lifumene indawo ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi, liqhutywa yinkxaso yalo yeshishini eliqolileyo, umthamo omkhulu wemveliso, kunye nezibonelelo zophuculo lobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwi-EU okukhulayo ngokuthe ngcembe. Abavelisi baseYurophu baxoxa ukuba amashishini aseTshayina anokuthi athengise iimveliso "ngaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo," ebangela "ukulimala kwezinto" okanye "uloyiko lokwenzakala" kwishishini lasekhaya le-EU. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni umanyano lwamashishini lufake isikhalazo kwiKomishini yaseYurophu.
Ngokweempawu zemveliso, ezi ntlobo zine zomsonto wenayiloni eziphantsi kophando zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimpahla, kwilaphu lasekhaya, kwizinto zokucoca kwimizi-mveliso, kunye namanye amacandelo, asebenza njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo kumxokelelwane wezoshishino. Izibonelelo zoshishino zaseChina kweli candelo azizange zivele ngobusuku obunye: imimandla efana neZhejiang kunye neJiangsu iphuhlise inkqubo yokuvelisa epheleleyo, ukusuka kwi-nylon chips (izinto eziluhlaza) ukuya kwi-spinning kunye nokudaya. Amashishini aphambili aphucule ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuzisa imigca yokuvelisa ekrelekrele, ngelixa amashishini amancinci naphakathi aye anciphisa ulungiselelo kunye neendleko zentsebenziswano ngokusebenzisa imiphumo ye-cluster, enika iimveliso zabo ukhuphiswano olunamandla lweendleko zokusebenza. Noko ke, oku kukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, nokuxhaswa yinkqubo yoshishino eyomeleleyo, kuye kwatolikwa ngamashishini athile aseYurophu “njengokhuphiswano olungafanelekanga,” ekugqibeleni lwakhokelela kuphando.
Impembelelo eNgqo kuShishino lwaseTshayina: Ukunyuka kweeNdleko kunye nokuKhula kokuNgaqinisekanga kweMarike
Ukuphehlelelwa kophando oluchasene nokulahlwa kuthetha “imfazwe yorhwebelwano” yeenyanga ezili-12–18 kumashishini abandakanyekayo e-China, neempembelelo ezithi zinwenwe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuya kwizigqibo zemveliso nokusebenza kwawo.
Okokuqala, kukhoukuguquguquka komyalelo wexesha elifutshane. Abathengi be-EU banokuthatha isimo sengqondo sokulinda kwaye babone ngexesha lophando, kunye nemiyalelo yexesha elide emngciphekweni wokulibaziseka okanye ukunciphisa. Kumashishini axhomekeke kwimarike ye-EU (ingakumbi apho i-EU ibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-30% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngonyaka), imiyalelo ehlayo ichaphazela ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Umntu ophethe ishishini lomsonto eZhejiang udize ukuba emva kokubhengezwa kophando, abathengi ababini baseJamani baye banqumamisa uthethathethwano ngemiyalelo emitsha, bechaza imfuneko "yokuvavanya umngcipheko weerhafu zokugqibela."
Okwesibini, kukhoukunyuka okufihlakeleyo kwiindleko zorhwebo. Ukuphendula kuphando, amashishini kufuneka atyale imali ebalulekileyo yabantu kunye nemali ekulungiseleleni izixhobo zokukhusela, kubandakanya ukuhlenga iindleko zemveliso, amaxabiso okuthengisa, kunye nedatha yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo. Amanye amashishini nawo kufuneka aqeshe iifemu zomthetho ze-EU zasekhaya, kunye neentlawulo ezisemthethweni zokuqala ezinokufikelela kumakhulu amawaka e-RMB. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba uphando ekugqibeleni lufumanisa ukulahlwa kwaye lunyanzelise imisebenzi echasene nokulahla (enokuthi isuse kumashumi ambalwa eepesenti ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100%), inzuzo yexabiso lemveliso yaseTshayina kwimarike ye-EU iya kukhukuliseka kanobom, kwaye banokunyanzelwa ukuba barhoxe kwimarike.
Impembelelo enkulu ngakumbi yileukungaqiniseki kubume bemarike. Ukuze ugweme ingozi, amashishini anokunyanzeliswa ukuba alungelelanise izicwangciso zabo zokuthumela ngaphandle-umzekelo, ukuguqula ezinye iimveliso ezijoliswe kwi-EU kwiimarike zaseMzantsi-mpuma ye-Asia, eMzantsi Melika, njl. Ishishini lomsonto ophakathi eJiangsu sele liqalisile ukuphanda amajelo aseVietnam aseVietnam, ecwangcisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko “ngokuhanjiswa kwelizwe lesithathu.” Oku, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kongeza iindleko eziphakathi kwaye kucuthe ngakumbi imida yenzuzo.
I-Ripple Effects kulo lonke i-Industrial Chain: I-Domino Effect esuka kuShishino ukuya kwi-Industrial Clusters
Indalo edityanisiweyo yoshishino lwenayiloni yaseTshayina ithetha ukuba izothuso kwikhonkco elinye zinokusasazeka phezulu nasezantsi. Ababoneleli abaphezulu beetshiphusi zenayiloni kunye neefektri zokuluka ezisezantsi (ingakumbi amashishini amalaphu ajolise kumazwe angaphandle) banokuchatshazelwa luphazamiseko lokuthunyelwa kwelaphu kumazwe angaphandle.
Umzekelo, amashishini amalaphu eShaoxing, eZhejiang, asebenzisa imisonto yasekhaya ukuvelisa amalaphu empahla yangaphandle, kunye ne-30% ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-EU. Ukuba amashishini omsonto anciphisa imveliso ngenxa yophando, iifektri zamalaphu zinokujongana nobonelelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada olungazinzanga okanye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, ukuba amashishini eentambo anciphisa amaxabiso entengiso yangaphakathi ukugcina ukuhamba nokuhamba kwemali, kunokubangela ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso kwimarike yangaphakathi, ukucudisa imida yengeniso yengingqi. Olu tshintsho lwekhonkco phakathi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso luvavanya ukomelela komngcipheko weqela lemizi-mveliso.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphando lukwasebenza njengefowuni yokuvusa ishishini le-nayiloni yaseTshayina: kwimeko yokunyuka kokhuseleko lorhwebo lwehlabathi, imodeli yokukhula ethembele kuphela kwiinzuzo zexabiso ayisekho uzinzo. Amanye amashishini aphambili sele eqalisile ukukhawulezisa inguqu, njengokuphuhlisa umsonto wenayiloni osebenzayo onexabiso eliphezulu (umzekelo, i-antibacterial, i-flame-retardant, kunye neentlobo ze-biodegradable), ukunciphisa ukuthembela "kwiimfazwe zamaxabiso" ngokhuphiswano olwahlukileyo. Ngeli xesha, imibutho yoshishino ikhuthaza ukusekwa kweenkqubo zokunika ingxelo yeendleko ezisemgangathweni kumashishini, ziqokelela iinkcukacha zokumelana nokungavisisani kwezorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Uphando lwe-EU oluchasene nokulahlwa luyimbonakaliso ye-博弈 yemidla yoshishino kwinkqubo yohlengahlengiso lwekhonkco loshishino lwehlabathi. Kumashishini aseTshayina, oku kungumceli mngeni kunye nethuba lokuqhuba uphuculo lwemizi-mveliso. Indlela yokukhusela amalungelo abo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo ethobelayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukuthembela kwimarike enye ngokusungula ubugcisa obutsha kunye nokwahluka kweemarike kuya kuba ngumba oqhelekileyo kulo lonke ishishini kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-13-2025