Phatlalatso ea morao-rao ea tlhahiso e ncha ea EU ea ho thibela per- le polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) ka masela e hapile tlhokomelo e kholo ho tsoa indastering ea masela ea lefats'e. Tlhahiso ha e tiise feela meeli ea masala a PFAS haholo empa e boetse e holisa boholo ba lihlahisoa tse laoloang. Sena se lebelletsoe ho ba le tšusumetso e kholo ho thomello ea masela ea China ho EU. E le mofani ea ka sehloohong oa thepa ea masela ho EU, Chaena e romela li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 12.7 selemo le selemo ho EU. Likhamphani tse amanang li hloka ho rera esale pele ho fokotsa likotsi tsa khoebo.
I. Litaba tsa Motheo tsa Tlhahiso: Ho Tiisa Meeli ea "Ho tšoana le Lefika" le Katoloso e Feletseng ea Tšireletso.
Tlhahiso ena e ncha ea lithibelo tsa EU PFAS e fetela ka nģ'ane ho phetoho e bonolo ea litekanyetso; ho e-na le hoo, e emela katleho ka bobeli matla a taolo le bophara ba tšireletso, e fetang melao e fetileng haholo.
1. Moeli o theotsoe ho tloha ho 50ppm ho ea ho 1ppm, ho eketsa stringency ka makhetlo a 50.
PFAS, ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e thibelang metsi, oli, le matheba, e sebelisoa haholo maselang a kang liaparo tsa kantle, liaparo tsa lipapali le masela a lapeng (joalo ka materase a sa keneleng metsi le likharetene tse sa keneng matheba). Moeli o fetileng oa EU bakeng sa PFAS ka masela e ne e le 50ppm (likarolo tse 50 ho milione), empa tlhahiso e ncha e theolela moeli ka kotloloho ho 1ppm, e hloka ka nepo hore masala a PFAS a masela a bolokoe "haufi le zero".
Phetoho ena e bonts'a matšoenyeho a EU mabapi le likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle tsa PFAS. PFAS, e tsejoang e le "lik'hemik'hale tse sa feleng," ho thata ho nyenyefatsa tikolohong ea tlhaho mme e ka bokellana ketane ea lijo, e ka bakang kotsi ho endocrine ea motho le boits'ireletso ba mmele. EU esale e nts'etsapele leano la "PFAS-free tikoloho" lilemong tsa morao tjena, mme ho tiisa hona ha moeli oa masela ke ts'ebetsong e kholo ea leano lena lekaleng la bareki.
2. Ho Akaretsa Likarolo Tsohle, ka Hoo e ka Bang ha ho na Masela a sa Lokotsoeng
Tlhahiso e ncha e roba taolo e fetileng ea "mokhahlelo o lekantsoeng" ea EU ea PFAS ka masela, e holisa sebaka sa taolo ho tloha "masela a itseng a sebetsang" ho ea ho hoo e ka bang mekhahlelo eohle ea masela:
Liaparo: ho kenyelletsa liaparo tsa ka ntle, liaparo tsa lipapali, liaparo tsa bana, liaparo tsa molao, liaparo tsa ka hare, joalo-joalo;
Liaparo tsa Lehae:ho koahela materase, lilakane, likharetene, limmete, mesamo, joalo-joalo;
Masela a Indasteri:tse kang litente tse sa keneleng metsi, meriti ea letsatsi le masela a sireletsang meriana.
Mokhelo feela ke "masela a mantlha a entsoeng ka likhoele tsa tlhaho ntle le kalafo efe kapa efe e sebetsang" (joalo ka lesela la k'hothone le greige le sa pentiloeng, le sa koaheloa). Leha ho le joalo, lihlahisoa tsena li ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e nyane haholo ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho EU, 'me boholo ba thepa ea masela ea China ho EU e tla laoloa.
3. Kemiso e Hlakileng ea Nako: Kamora matsatsi a 60 a maikutlo a sechaba, molao o kanna oa qala ho sebetsa ka 2026.
Tlhahiso e kene nakong ea maikutlo a sechaba, e tla nka matsatsi a 60 (ho qala ka letsatsi la phatlalatso) 'me e reretsoe ho bokella maikutlo ho tsoa ho linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU, mekhatlo ea indasteri, likhoebo le sechaba. Ho latela lebelo la ts'ebetsong ea leano la tikoloho la EU nakong e fetileng, litlhahiso tse joalo hangata ha li etsoe litokiso tse kholo kamora nako ea maikutlo a sechaba. Ts'ebetso ea molao e lebelletsoe ho phetheloa mafelong a 2025, 'me e kenngoe tšebetsong ka molao ka 2026.
Sena se bolela hore lik'hamphani tsa masela tsa Machaena li na le "nako ea "buffer" ea selemo se le seng ho isa ho tse peli, moo li tlamehang ho phethela lintlafatso tsa mahlale, ho lokisa liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo, le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa tlhahlobo. Ho seng joalo, ba ipeha kotsing ea hore thepa ea bona e koaloe, e khutlisetsoe, kapa esita le ho lefisoa ke meetlo ea EU.
II. Kameho e Otlolohileng Khoebong ea Kantle ho Masela ea China: 'Maraka oa Thepa ea Libillione tse 12.7 o tobane le "Teko ea Boikamahanyo"
China ke mohloli o moholo oa EU oa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Ka 2024, thepa ea masela ea China ho EU e fihlile ho €12.7 bilione (hoo e ka bang RMB 98 bilione), e leng karolo ea 23% ea kakaretso ea thepa ea masela e tsoang kantle ho EU. Sena se kenyelletsa lik'hamphani tse fetang 20,000 tse romellang kantle ho naha, ho kenyeletsoa liprofinse tse kholo tse romellang masela joalo ka Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong le Fujian. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso e ncha e tla ba le phello e tobileng ho lik'hamphani tsa Chaena mabapi le litšenyehelo, litaelo le liketane tsa phepelo.
1. Khatello ea litšenyehelo e ntseng e eketseha ka matla: Phetoho e sa lefelloeng ea Fluorine le liteko tse khethehileng li bitsa chelete e ngata.
Bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa China, ho fihlela moeli oa 1ppm ho kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tse peli tsa bohlokoa:
Litšenyehelo tsa phetoho ea thekenoloji: Mekhoa ea setso e nang le fluorine (e kang ea ho sebelisa lintho tse thibelang metsi tse nang le fluorine) e tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka ka ho feletseng ka mekhoa e se nang fluorine. Sena se kenyelletsa ho reka lintho tse thibelang metsi tse se nang fluorine, ho lokisa mekhoa ea tlhahiso (e kang mocheso oa ho baka le mekhoa ea ho daea), le ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa. Mohlala, bakeng sa k'hamphani ea masela e mahareng e nang le thepa e romelloang selemo le selemo ho EU ea lidolara tse limilione tse 10, theko ea theko ea lithuso tse se nang fluorine feela e ka ba 30% -50% ho feta bathusi ba setso, 'me litšenyehelo tsa phetolo ea lisebelisoa li hakanyetsoa ho fihla ho li-yuan tse limilione tse' maloa.
Ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo: EU e hloka hore masela a fete "liteko tse ikhethileng tsa PFAS" pele li romelloa kantle ho naha, 'me tlaleho e tlameha ho fanoa ke setsi sa tlhahlobo se amohetsoeng ke EU. Hajoale, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea PFAS e ka ba €800-1,500 ka sehlopha. Nakong e fetileng, tlas'a moeli oa 50ppm, lik'hamphani tse ngata li ne li hloka feela ho hlahloba libaka. Ka tlhahiso e ncha, ho tla hlokahala tlhahlobo ea batch-by-batch. Bakeng sa k'hamphani e romellang lihlopha tse 100 ka selemo, litšenyehelo tsa selemo le selemo tsa tlhahlobo li tla eketseha ka €80,000-150,000 (hoo e ka bang RMB 620,000-1.17 milione).
2. Kotsi e Eketsehileng ea Taelo: Bareki ba EU ba ka Fetela ho Bafani ba Tlhahlobo ea Pele
Lihlahisoa tsa EU (tse kang ZARA, H&M, le Uniqlo Europe) li na le litlhokahalo tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa ho latela ketane ea phepelo. Kamora ho lokolloa ha tlhahiso e ncha, bareki ba bang ba EU ba se ba qalile ho lokisa maano a bona a ho fumana chelete:
Barekisi ba Machaena ba koptjoa ho fana ka "setifikeiti sa mahala sa fluorine" le "litlaleho tsa liteko tsa PFAS" esale pele, ntle le ho li reka.
Ka lebaka la ho ameha ka likotsi tsa ho latela melao, likhoebo tse ling tse nyane le tse mahareng li theohile ho tsoa Chaena 'me li fetohela ho barekisi ba EU kapa linaheng tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela (joalo ka Vietnam le Bangladesh). Le hoja lik'hamphani tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela le tsona li tobane le mathata a theknoloji, bareki ba EU ba khetha "taolo ea lehae."
Bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse nyane le tse mahareng tsa masela a China, ho hloleha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ho latela ka potlako ho ka lebisa tahlehelong ea litaelo. Likhamphani tse kholo, leha li khona ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa tokiso, le tsona li tla hloka ho buisana bocha ka litheko le bareki ba EU, ho fokotsa phaello ea bona.
3. Likotsi tse ntseng li eketseha tsa tlhahlobo ea lekhetho: Thepa e sa laoleheng e tla tobana le ho koalloa le ho khutlisoa.
Litloaelo tsa EU e tla ba "mophethahatsi" oa tlhahiso e ncha. Kamora ts'ebetsong, litloaelo tsa linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU li tla matlafatsa sampole ea PFAS le tlhahlobo ea masela a tsoang kantle ho naha. Litaba life kapa life tsa PFAS tse fetang 1 ppm li tla fella ka ho koalloa sebakeng sa marang-rang, 'me lik'hamphani li tla koptjoa ho fana ka litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea tlatsetso ka nako e behiloeng. Haeba ho se latele ho tiisitsoe, thepa e tla khutlisoa ka likhoka, 'me k'hamphani e ka beoa "lenaneleng la ho lekola lintho tse tlang pele" tsa EU, e eketsa sekhahla sa tlhahlobo ea thepa e latelang ho feta 50%.
Melao e fetileng ea tikoloho ea EU mabapi le masela (joalo ka REACH le lithibelo tsa dae) e se e entse hore lik'hamphani tse ling tsa China li tobane le ho qheleloa ka thoko ka lebaka la ho se latele. Ka meeli e mecha, e thata ho feta ea PFAS, kotsi ea ho lahloa e lebelletsoe ho eketseha haholo. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse tsoang ho China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles and Apparel, sekhahla sa ho khutla ha masela a Sechaena ho EU ka lebaka la litaba tsa ho lumellana le tikoloho e tla ba hoo e ka bang 1.2% ka 2024. Sekhahla sena se ka 'na sa feta 3% ka mor'a hore tlhahiso e ncha e sebetse.
III. Tsela ea Karabelo bakeng sa Likhamphani tsa Masela tsa China: Ho tloha ho "Reactive Compliance" ho isa "Proactive Breakthrough"
Ka lebaka la liphephetso tsa tlhahiso e ncha ea EU, lik'hamphani tsa masela tsa China li tlameha ho lahla maikutlo a "karabelo ea nakoana" 'me ho e-na le hoo li thehe bokhoni ba ho latela nako e telele ho thekenoloji, phepelo ea thepa le litekanyo tsa mmaraka, ho fetola "litšenyehelo tsa tumellano" hore e be "melemo ea tlholisano."
1. Theknoloji: Potlakisa ho nkeloa sebaka ha mekhoa e se nang fluorine ho hapa "theknoloji e tala" e phahameng.
Mekhoa e se nang fluorine ke ea bohlokoa ho finyella meeli ea EU. Likhamphani li ka ntšetsa pele phetoho ea theknoloji ka litsela tse peli:
Beha pele tšebeliso ea li-additives tse netefalitsoeng tse se nang fluorine: Hajoale lihlahisoa tse se nang fluorine li fumaneha 'marakeng tse ka nkang sebaka sa tse thibelang metsi tse nang le fluorine, joalo ka limela tse lelekang metsi le liphahlo tse entsoeng ka metsi a polyurethane. Le hoja lihlahisoa tsena li theko e boima haholo, botsitso ba bona ba botekgeniki bo netefalitsoe (mohlala, lihlahisoa tsa lipapali tse kang Anta le Li Ning li se li amohetse mekhoa ea ho thibela metsi ntle le fluorine liaparo tsa bona tsa ka ntle).
Sebelisana le litsi tsa lipatlisiso ho nts'etsapele mahlale a theko e tlase: Likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng li ka sebelisana 'moho le liunivesithi le litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa indasteri (tse kang China Textile Science Academy) ho etsa "lipatlisiso tsa phokotso ea litšenyehelo tsa fluorine mahala." Mohlala, ka ho ntlafatsa likarohano tsa tlatsetso le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, theko ea yuniti ea lits'ebetso tse se nang fluorine e ka fokotsoa.
Ntle le moo, lik'hamphani li ka hlahloba mokhoa oa "fiber ea tlhaho + ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso" - ka mohlala, ho sebelisa thepa ea tlhaho ea antibacterial le e monyang mongobo ea folaxe le likhoele tsa bamboo ho fokotsa ts'epo ho li-additives tse sebetsang tsa PFAS. Sena, ka lehlakoreng le leng, se theha sebaka sa thekiso ea sehlahisoa se "tloahelehileng + tikolohong" ho ntlafatsa boipiletso ba sehlahisoa ho bareki ba EU.
2. Supply Chain: Theha "Full-Chain Traceability" le Mehato ea Tlhahlobo ea Lock Down ka Pele.
Ho lumellana ha se feela taba ea "lehlakore la tlhahiso"; e tlameha ho kengoa tšebetsong ho pholletsa le ketane eohle ea phepelo:
Taolo ea Lintho Tse Hlahang: Saena "Litumellano tsa Phepelo ea Mahala tsa PFAS" le barekisi ba masela le bahlahisi ba tlatsetso, ba hlokang hore lik'hamphani tse holimo li fane ka litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo ea PFAS bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bona tse tala ho felisa tšilafalo mohloling;
Tlhokomelo ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Midstream: Theha "Lintlha tsa Taolo ea PFAS" ka har'a seboka sa tlhahiso, joalo ka ho lekola khafetsa maemo a masala ka har'a litanka tsa ho daea le lisebelisoa tsa ho roala ho thibela tšilafalo;
Teko ea Pele ea Motheo: Qoba ho itšetleha ka "teko ea morao-rao" ka litloaelo tsa EU. Sebakeng seo, laela mekhatlo ea liteko ea malapeng, e ngolisitsoeng ka molao ke EU (joalo ka SGS China le EUROLAB China) ho etsa liteko tse khethehileng tsa PFAS pele thepa e romelloa kantle ho naha. Sena se tiisa hore litlaleho li lumellana le litekanyetso tsa EU le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa ho tlosoa ha thepa.
3. Mmaraka: Fapanyetsana 'me u hahamalle ho "Compliance Premium"
Ho tobana le khatello ea ho latela 'maraka oa EU, lik'hamphani li ka sebelisa leano le nang le likarolo tse peli:
Eketsa mebaraka eo e seng ea EU ho fapanyetsana likotsi: Eketsa boiteko ba ho lekola mebaraka e ntseng e hlaha joalo ka Asia Boroa-bochabela, Middle East le Amerika Boroa. Limmaraka tsena hajoale li na le melaoana e batlang e hlephileng ho PFAS (mohlala, Brazil le India ha li so fane ka meeli ea PFAS bakeng sa masela), e ka sebetsang e le "tlatsetso" 'marakeng oa EU;
Ikitlaelletse ho fumana “Compliance Premium” ho tsoa ho bareki ba EU: Hlalosetsa beng ba lihlahisoa tsa EU ka potlako litšenyehelo tse ntseng li eketseha tsa mekhoa e sa hlokeng fluorine ho beng ba lihlahisoa tsa EU le ho buisana ka litheko tse phahameng tsa lihlahisoa. Ebile, bareki ba EU ba ikemiselitse ho lefella "lihlahisoa tse sebetsang hantle ka tikolohong." Ho latela phuputso e entsoeng ke European Consumers Association, masela a ngotsoeng "PFAS-mahala" a ka laela tefo ea 10% -15%. Likhamphani li ka fumana taolo ea litheko ka ho totobatsa "litšoaneleho tsa bona tsa tikoloho."
IV. Tšehetso ea Indasteri le Leano: Ho Fokotsa Moroalo le ho Matlafatsa Likhoebo
Ntle le likarabo tsa likhoebo, mekhatlo ea indasteri le mafapha a mmuso le tsona li ts'ehetsa likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha tsa masela a China:
Mekhatlo ea indasteri e theha "sethala sa karabelo le puisano": The China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles and Apparel e hlophisitse "likopano tse 'maloa tsa Phetolelo ea Tlhahiso ea PFAS ea EU," e memela babuelli ba molao le litsebi tsa liteko ho araba lipotso tse tsoang likhoebong. Ba boetse ba rera ho theha "laeborari ea ho arolelana theknoloji e se nang fluorine" ho thusa likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng ho theola litšitiso tsa mahlale tsa ho kena.
Mebuso ea lehae e fana ka "lithuso tsa phetoho ea tekheniki": Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, le liprofinse tse ling li kenyelelitse "phetoho e se nang fluorine bakeng sa masela" maanong a bona a ts'ehetso ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Likhoebo li ka etsa kopo ea lithuso tse fihlang ho 30% ea litšenyehelo tsa phetoho ea tekheniki 'me tsa natefeloa ke litefiso tse fokolitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo.
Lekala la Khoebo le nts'etsapele "China-EU Standards Dialogue": Lekala la Khoebo le fetisitse litlhoko tse utloahalang tsa likhoebo tsa Chaena ho EU ka mochine oa Komiti e Kopanetsoeng ea Moruo le Khoebo ea China-EU, 'me e sebetsa ho theha "nako ea phetoho" ka mor'a hore tlhahiso e sebetse ea ho fana ka likhoebo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng ka nako e eketsehileng ea ho fetola.
Nako ea poso: Aug-18-2025