Musi waNyamavhuvhu 5, 2025, India neUnited Kingdom dzakatangisa zviri pamutemo Chibvumirano cheComprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (inozonzi "India-UK FTA"). Kudyidzana kwekutengeserana uku kusingagadzirisi chete hukama hwehupfumi nekutengeserana pakati penyika mbiri idzi asi kuti kunotumirawo kusagadzikana kuburikidza nechikamu chepasi rose chekutengesa machira. Izvo "zero-tariff" zvakatemerwa indasitiri yemachira muchibvumirano chiri kunyora zvakananga mamiriro emakwikwi emusika weku UK wekutengesa machira, kunyanya zvichiunza matambudziko angangoitika kumabhizinesi eChinese ekutengesa machira anga achitonga musika kwenguva refu.
Musimboti weChibvumirano: Zero Tariffs pa1,143 Textile Categories, India Inotarisana neUK's Inowedzera Market Market.
Indasitiri yemachira inomira semumwe wevanonyanya kubatsirwa neIndia-UK FTA: 1,143 machira emapoka (anovhara zvikamu zvakakura seshinda yedonje, grey jira, nguo dzakagadzirwa-akagadzirwa, uye machira epamba) anotengeswa kubva kuIndia kuenda kuUK anoregererwa zvizere mutero, achiverengera anosvika makumi masere neshanu muzana ezvikamu zvezvinyorwa zve UK. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvigadzirwa zvemachira zveIndia zvaipinda mumusika weUK zvaive pasi pemitero kubva pa5% kusvika 12%, ukuwo zvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kune vanokwikwidza vakadai seChina neBangladesh vaitonakidzwa nemitero yakaderera pasi peGeneralized System of Preferences (GSP) kana zvibvumirano zviviri.
Kubviswa kwakazara kwemitero kwakawedzera zvakananga kukwikwidza kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvemachira zveIndia mumusika weUK. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga neConfederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI), mushure mekubviswa kwemutero, mutengo wezvipfeko zveIndia zvakagadzirirwa mumusika weUK unogona kuderedzwa ne6% -8%. Mugero wemitengo pakati pezvigadzirwa zveIndia neChinese 同类 uchadzikira kubva pane zvakapfuura 3% -5% kusvika pasi pe1%, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepakati-kusvika-pasi-pasi zvinogona kutowana mutengo wakaenzana kana kupfuura vamwe vekuChina.
Panyaya yechiyero chemusika, iyo UK ndiyo yechitatu pakukura mutengi machira muEurope, iine huwandu hwegore negore hwekupinza machira hweUSD 26.95 bhiriyoni (2024 data). Pakati peizvi, mbatya dzinoita 62%, machira epamba 23%, uye machira neshinda 15%. Kwenguva yakareba, ichivimba neketani yayo yakazara yemaindasitiri, yakagadzikana mhando, uye zvakakura-mabhenefiti, China yakatora makumi maviri nesere muzana eiyo UK yekupinza machira yemusika wekugovanisa, zvichiita kuti ive mutengesi mukuru wekuUK wemicheka. Kunyangwe India iri yechipiri pakukura pakugadzira machira pasirese, mugove wayo mumusika weUK unongori 6.6%, ichinyanya kutarisa zvigadzirwa zvepakati seshinda yedonje uye grey jira, ine yakakwira-yakawedzerwa-yakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa hanzu inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inoverengera isingasviki makumi matatu%.
Kupinda musimba kweIndia-UK FTA kwakavhura "hwindo rekuwedzera" reIndia indasitiri yemachira. Muchirevo chakaburitswa mushure mekunge chibvumirano chatanga kushanda, Ministry of Textiles yeIndia yakataura zvakajeka chinangwa chayo chekuwedzera machira ekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuUK kubva pamadhora bhiriyoni 1.78 muna 2024 kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu emadhora mukati memakore matatu anotevera, nemugove wemusika unodarika 18%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti India inoronga kutsausa ingangoita 11.4 muzana mapoinzi kubva pamusika uripo, uye China, semutengesi mukuru pamusika weUK, ichava chinangwa chayo chemakwikwi.
Zvinetso zveChina Textile Indasitiri: Dzvinyiriro paMasika eMid-to-Low-End-End, Supply Chain Advantages Inosara Asi Kuchenjerera Kunodiwa.
Kumabhizinesi eChinese machira ekutengesa kunze, matambudziko akaunzwa neIndia-UK FTA anonyanya kutarisa chikamu chepakati-kusvika-chakaderera-chigadzirwa. Parizvino, zvipfeko zvepakati-kusvika-pasi-zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa (zvakadai sezvipfeko zvemazuva ese uye machira ekutanga epamba) anotora chikamu chinosvika makumi mana neshanu muzana ezvigadzirwa zvemachira zveChina kuUK. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvine zvipingamupinyi zvakaderera zvehunyanzvi, makwikwi anotyisa ane homogeneous, uye mutengo ndiwo musimboti wemakwikwi chinhu. India, ine mabhenefiti mumitengo yevashandi (avhareji muhoro wepamwedzi wevashandi vemicheka vekuIndia ingangoita 1/3 yeiyo muChina) uye zviwanikwa zvedonje (India ndiyo inogadzira donje rakakura pasi rose), pamwe nekudzikiswa kwemitero, zvinogona kukwezva vatengesi vekuUK kuti vasiye chikamu chemirairo yavo yepakati-kusvika-yekupedzisira kuIndia.
Kubva pamaonero emabhizinesi chaiwo, nzira dzekutenga dzevatengesi vakuru veku UK (seMaka & Spencer, Primark, uye ASDA) vakaratidza zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa. Sekureva kwemaindasitiri masosi, Primark yakasaina zvibvumirano zvenguva refu ne3 mafekitori ezvipfeko zveIndia uye anoronga kuwedzera muyero wekutenga wepakati-kusvika-yekupedzisira-yekupedzisira-yakajairika kupfeka kubva kune yapfuura 10% kusvika 30%. Marks & Spencer akataurawo kuti ichawedzera huwandu hwekutengwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemicheka zvemuIndia zvakagadzirwa mudzimba mumwaka we 2025-2026 autumn nemwaka wechando, nechikamu chekutanga chechikamu che15%.
Nekudaro, indasitiri yemachira yekuChina haina dziviriro. Kuvimbika kweketani yeindasitiri uye zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa zvinoramba zviri kiyi yekuramba kukwikwidza. Kune rimwe divi, China ine yakazara maindasitiri cheni dhizaini kubva kumakemikari faibha, kuruka, kuruka, kudhinda uye kudhaya kune zvipfeko zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa. Iko kumhanya kwekupindura kweketani yemaindasitiri (ine avhareji yekutumira kutenderera kwemazuva angangoita makumi maviri) inokurumidza kupfuura iyo yeIndia (anenge mazuva makumi matatu neshanu), iyo yakakosha kune inokurumidza fashoni mhando inoda kukurumidza iteration. Nekune rimwe divi, kuunganidza kweChina tekinoroji uye kugona kwekugadzira kwakanakira mumunda wemicheka yepamusoro (senge machira anoshanda, zvigadzirwa zvefiber zvakadzokororwa, uye machira akangwara) zvakaoma kuti India ipfuure munguva pfupi. Semuyenzaniso, kuChina kunotengeswa kunze kwemachira epolyester akadzokororwa uye machira emumba anorwisa utachiona kuUK account kweanopfuura makumi mana muzana emusika weUK, achinyanya kunanga pakati-kusvika-yepamusoro-yekupedzisira mhando vatengi, uye chikamu ichi hachinyanye kukanganiswa nemitero.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo "yepasirese marongero" emabhizinesi eChinese machira ari kuvharawo njodzi dzemusika mumwe chete. Mumakore achangopfuura, mabhizinesi mazhinji eChinese machira akagadzira mabhesi ekugadzira muSoutheast Asia neAfrica kuti apinde mumusika weEurope nekusimudzira zvido zvemitero yemuno. Semuyenzaniso, fekitori yeVietnam yeShenzhou International inogona kunakidzwa nemitero ye zero kuburikidza neEU-Vietnam Yemahara Trade Agreement, uye zvipfeko zvayo zvemitambo zvinotumira kunze kuUK account ye22% yemusika weku UK wekutenga zvipfeko zvemitambo. Ichi chikamu chebhizinesi hachina kukanganiswa zvakananga neIndia-UK FTA.
Yakawedzera Indasitiri Impact: Yakawedzera Kukurumidzira Dunhu reGlobal Textile Supply Chain, Mabhizinesi Anoda Kutarisa pa "Kusiyana Makwikwi"
Kupinda musimba kweIndia-UK FTA kunonyanya kuita microcosm yemaitiro epasi rose e "regionalization" uye "chibvumirano-chakavakirwa" kusimudzira kweiyo machira ekutengesa cheni. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvemahara zvakadai seEU-Indonesia FTA, UK-India FTA, uye US-Vietnam FTA zvakapedzwa zvine mutsindo. Imwe yeakakosha logics ndeyekuvaka "padhuze-pamahombekombe ekutengesa cheni" kana "ally ekupa cheni" kuburikidza nemitengo yekuda, uye maitiro aya ari kugadzirisa zvakare mitemo yepasi rose yekutengesa machira.
Kune mabhizinesi emachira kutenderera pasirese, nzira dzekupindura dzinofanirwa kutarisa nezve "kusiyanisa":
Indian Enterprises: Nenguva pfupi, vanofanirwa kugadzirisa nyaya dzakaita senge kusakwana kwekugadzira uye kugadzikana kwekutengesa cheni (semuenzaniso, kuderera kwemutengo wekotoni, kushomeka kwemagetsi) kudzivirira kunonoka kwekutakura kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera maodha. Nekufamba kwenguva, ivo vanofanirwa kuwedzera chikamu chezvakanyanya-kukosha-akawedzera zvigadzirwa uye kubva pakutsamira pamusika wepakati-kusvika-pasi.
Chinese Enterprises: Kune rimwe divi, vanogona kubatanidza mugove wavo mumusika wepamusoro-soro kuburikidza nekuvandudza tekinoroji (semuenzaniso, kugadzira machira ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye anoshanda fiber). Kune rimwe divi, ivo vanogona kusimbisa kushandira pamwe kwakadzama nemabhureki eUK (semuenzaniso, kupa dhizaini yakagadziridzwa uye nekukurumidza-mhinduro yekugovera ketani masevhisi) kuwedzera kunamatira kwevatengi. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanogona kukwidziridza chirongwa che "Belt uye Road" kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvemitero kuburikidza nekufambisa kuburikidza nenyika yechitatu kana kugadzirwa kwemhiri kwemakungwa.
UK Retailers: Ivo vanofanirwa kurova chiyero pakati pemutengo uye kugadzikana kwekutengesa cheni. Kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zveIndia zvine zvakanakira mutengo zvakanakira, ivo vanotarisana nenjodzi dzepamusoro dzekutengesa. Zvigadzirwa zveChinese, kunyangwe zvakakwira zvishoma mumutengo, zvinopa humwe hunovimbiswa mhando uye kugadzikana kwekutumira. Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika weUK ucharatidza mbiri yekugovera maitiro e "yepamusoro-kumagumo kubva kuChina + yepakati-kusvika-yakaderera-kubva kuIndia" mune ramangwana.
Kazhinji, kukanganisa kweIndia-UK FTA paindasitiri yemachira hakusi "kukanganisa" asi kunosimudzira kukwidziridzwa kwemakwikwi emusika kubva ku "mitengo yehondo" kuenda ku "kukosha hondo". Kune mabhizinesi eChinese machira ekutengesa kunze kwenyika, anofanirwa kungwarira kurasikirwa kwemusika wepakati-kusvika-wekupedzisira-munguva pfupi, uye nekufamba kwenguva, kuvaka mabhenefiti matsva emakwikwi pasi pemitemo mitsva yekutengeserana kuburikidza nekusimudzira cheni yemaindasitiri uye marongerwo enyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-22-2025