Nguva pfupi yadarika, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) yakapa chiziviso zviri pamutemo, ichizivisa kuti kutanga kubva Nyamavhuvhu 28, 2024, ichaita zvinosungirwa BIS certification yezvigadzirwa zvemichina yemachira (zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kugadzirwa mukati). Iyi mutemo inovhara midziyo yakakosha muindasitiri yemachira, ichivavarira kudzora kuwanikwa kwemusika, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo uye mhando dzemhando. Zvichakadaro, ichabata zvakananga vatengesi vemichina yepasi rose, kunyanya vagadziri vanobva kunyika dzakakura dzekutengesa seChina, Germany, neItari.
I. Ongororo yeCore Policy Content
Iyi BIS certification policy haivharise machira ese machira asi inotarisa pamichina yepakati mukugadzira machira, ine tsananguro dzakajeka dzezvitupa zviyero, kutenderera, uye mutengo. Mashoko chaiwo ndeaya anotevera:
1. Chikamu cheEquipment Yakafukidzwa neSitifiketi
Chiziviso chinonyatso sanganisira mhando mbiri dzemakiyi emachira emuchina mune inosungirwa certification runyorwa, ese ari epakati midziyo yekugadzira machira ekugadzira machira uye yakadzika kugadzirisa:
- Michina yekuruka: Inovhara mamodheru akajairika senge air-jet looms, mvura-jet looms, rapier looms, uye projectile looms. Midziyo iyi ndiyo yakakosha midziyo yekugadzira machira mukotoni kuruka, kemikari fiber kutenderera, nezvimwe, uye inotarisisa zvakanangana nekurukana uye kunaka kwemachira.
- Embroidery machines: Kusanganisira dzakasiyana siyana dzemakombuta dzakarukwa dzakaita senge flat embroidery michina, tauro embroidery michina, uye sequin embroidery michina. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa kushongedza kugadzirwa kwembatya uye zvigadzirwa zvembavha zvembatya, uye midziyo yakakosha mune yakakwirira-yakawedzera kukosha-yakawedzerwa malink eiyo textile industry cheni.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mutemo parizvino hauvharidzire midziyo yekumusoro kana yepakati perukova semichina yekutenderera (semuenzaniso, mafuremu ekutenderera, mafuremu ekutenderera) nemichina yekudhinda/kudhaya (semuenzaniso, michina yekuseta, michina yekudhaya). Nekudaro, iyo indasitiri inowanzo fungidzira kuti India inogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma chikamu chemichina yemachira iri pasi peBIS certification mune ramangwana kuti iwane yakazara-indasitiri-cheni kutonga kwemhando.
2. Core Certification Standards uye Technical Requirements
Michina yese yemachira inosanganisirwa muchikamu chetifiketi inofanirwa kutevedzera maviri akakosha zviyero zvakatarwa nehurumende yeIndia, zvine zviratidzo zvakajeka maererano nekuchengetedza, kuita, uye mashandisiro esimba:
- IS 14660 Yakajairwa: Zita rakazara Textile Machina - Weaving Machines - Chengetedzo Zvinodiwa. Inotarisa pakugadzirisa kuchengetedza kwemuchina (semuenzaniso, zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, kumisa mabasa ekukurumidzira), kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi (semuenzaniso, kuita kwekudzivirira, kugadzika zvinodiwa), uye kuchengetedzwa kwekushanda (semuenzaniso, kudzivirira ruzha, zviratidzo zvekudzivirira kuzunguzika) kwemichina yekuruka kudzivirira kukuvara kwemunhu kune vanoshanda panguva yekushanda kwemidziyo.
- IS 15850 Yakajairwa: Zita rakazara Textile Machina - Embroidery Machina - Kuita uye Chengetedzo Madiro. Pamusoro pekuvhara zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zvakafanana neaya emuchina wekuruka, inoisawo mberi zvimwe zvinodiwa pakusona (semuenzaniso, kukanganisa kureba kwekusona, kudzoreredza patani), kugadzikana kwekushanda (semuenzaniso, kusanetsa kuenderera mberi kwekushanda nguva), uye kushanda nesimba kwemichina yekushongedza kuona kuti michina inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zveIndia mabhizinesi emachira.
Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuziva kuti aya mazinga maviri haana kuenzana zvachose neanogamuchirwa pasi rose ISO zviyero (semuenzaniso, ISO 12100 muchina kuchengetedza mwero). Dzimwe tekinoroji paramita (senge voltage adapta uye kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza) inoda kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neIndia yenzvimbo yemagetsi grid mamiriro uye mamiriro ekunze, zvinoda kunangwa kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo uye kuyedzwa.
3. Certification Cycle uye Process
- Zvinoenderana nemaitiro akaburitswa neBIS, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kupfuura nepakati pemakona mana ekupedzisa chitupa, aine kutenderera kweinenge mwedzi mitatu. Iwo chaiwo maitiro ndeaya anotevera:Kuendesa Chikumbiro: Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuendesa chikumbiro chetifiketi kuBIS, ichiperekedzwa nemagwaro ehunyanzvi emidziyo (semuenzaniso, dhizaini yedhizaini, tekinoroji parameter masheti), tsananguro yekugadzira, uye zvimwe zvinhu.
- Sample Testing: BIS-yakasarudzwa marabhoritari ichaita yakazara-chinhu bvunzo pamasampuli emidziyo yakaunzwa nemabhizinesi, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwekuita kuyedzwa, kuyedza kuita kwekuita, uye kuyedza kusimba. Kana iyo bvunzo ikatadza, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kugadzirisa iwo masampuli uye oaendesa kuti aongororwe zvakare.
- Factory Audit: Kana bvunzo dzekuyedza ikapfuura, maodhita eBIS achaita ongororo yepasaiti yefekitori yekugadzira bhizinesi kuona kana michina yekugadzira, yemhando yekudzora hurongwa, uye mbishimbi yekutenga maitiro inosangana nezvinodiwa zvetifiketi.
- Kuburitswa Kwesitifiketi: Mushure mekuongororwa kwefekitori kwapfuura, BIS ichapa chitupa mukati memazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu ekushanda. Chitupa chinowanzo shanda kwemakore 2-3 uye chinoda kuongororwazve nguva isati yapera.
Zvinonyanya kukosha kuziva kuti kana bhizinesi riri "importer" (kureva, michina inogadzirwa kunze kweIndia), inodawo kuendesa zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita setifiketi retifiketi yemumiriri wemuno weIndia uye tsananguro yemaitiro ekuzivisa tsika yekunze, inogona kuwedzera kutenderera kwechitupa nemavhiki 1-2.
4. Certification Mutengo Wekuwedzera uye Kuumbwa
Kunyangwe chiziviso chisinganyatso kutsanangura huwandu hwemari yekupihwa zvitupa, inotaura pachena kuti "mitengo yakakodzera yemabhizinesi ichawedzera ne20%". Uku kukwira kwemutengo kunonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:
- Kuyedzwa uye Mari Yekuongororwa: Mari yekuenzanisa yekuyedza yeBIS-yakasarudzwa marabhoritari (mubhadharo wekuyedza wechinhu chimwe chete chemidziyo ungangoita mazana mashanu-1,500 emadhora eUS, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechishandiso) uye muripo wekuongorora fekitori (mubhadharo wenguva imwe chete wekuongorora ungangoita zviuru zvitatu-mazana mashanu emadhora eUS). Ichi chikamu chemubhadharo chinotora chikamu che60% chekuwedzera kwemutengo.
- Equipment Module Fees: Zvimwe zvezvishandiso zviripo zvebhizinesi zvinogona kusasangana neIS 14660 uye IS 15850 zviyero (semuenzaniso, kushomeka kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza, masisitimu emagetsi asingaenderane neIndia voltage standards), inoda kugadziridzwa kwehunyanzvi. Mutengo wekugadzirisa unotora chikamu che30% chekuwedzera kwemutengo.
- Maitiro uye Mari Yevashandi: Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuronga vashandi vakasarudzika kuti varongedze maitiro ekupihwa zvitupa, kugadzirira zvinhu, uye kushandira pamwe nekuongorora. Panguva imwecheteyo, vangangoda kuhaya masangano ekubvunza emunharaunda kuti abatsirwe (kunyanya kumabhizinesi ekunze). Ichi chikamu chemari yakavanzika inoverengera inosvika 10% yekuwedzera kwemutengo.
II. Mabviro uye Zvinangwa zvePolisi
Kuunzwa kweIndia kwekupihwa chitupa cheBIS chemichina yemucheka haisi nhanho yenguva pfupi asi chirongwa chenguva refu chinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvebudiriro zveindasitiri yemuno nezvinangwa zvekutarisa musika. Iyo yakakosha kumashure uye zvinangwa zvinogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:
1. Chengetedza Musika WeMacheka Michina Yenzvimbo uye Bvisa Yakaderera-Unhu Zvishandiso
Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yemachira yeIndia yakasimukira nekukurumidza (mutengo wekubuda kweindasitiri yezvipfeko yekuIndia waisvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2023, ichiverengera 2% yeGDP). Nekudaro, kune huwandu hukuru hwemhando yakaderera-yemhando yemachira machira isingaenderane nezviyero mumusika wemuno. Mimwe michina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika ine njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekuchengetedza (zvakadai sekutadza kwemagetsi kukonzeresa moto, kushaikwa kwekudzivirira kwemakanika kunotungamira mukukuvadzwa kunoenderana nebasa) nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemitemo yakabatana, nepo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nemafekitori madiki emunharaunda zvine matambudziko akadai sekuita kumashure uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya. Kuburikidza nekubvumidzwa kweBIS certification, India inogona kuongorora michina yemhando yepamusoro inosangana nezviyero, zvishoma nezvishoma kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvine njodzi, uye kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzira uye kushanda zvakanaka kweketani yese yeindasitiri yemachira.
2. Chengetedza Local Textile Machinery Manufacturers uye Deredzai Import Dependence
Kunyangwe India iri nyika hombe yemachira, yakazvimirira yekugadzira michina yemachira haina kusimba. Parizvino, mwero wekuzvikwanira wemichina yemachira emuno muIndia inongosvika makumi mana muzana, uye 60% zvinoenderana nezvinotengwa kunze kwenyika (izvo China inosvika makumi matatu neshanu muzana, uye Germany neItaly inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana). Nekumisikidza zvikumbaridzo zveBIS certification, mabhizinesi ekunze anofanirwa kuisa mari yakawedzerwa mukugadziridzwa kwemidziyo uye chitupa, nepo mabhizinesi emuno achinyanya kujairana neIndia zviyero uye anogona kuenderana nezvinodiwa nepolicy nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinoderedza zvisina kunanga kutsamira kwemusika weIndia pamidziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye inogadzira nzvimbo yekusimudzira yeindasitiri yekugadzira machira emuno.
3. Batanidza neMusika Wepasi Pose uye Wedzera Kukwikwidza kweIndia Textile Zvigadzirwa
Parizvino, musika wepasi rose wemicheka unowedzera zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvemhando yechigadzirwa, uye mhando yemachira emachira inokanganisa zvakananga kugadzikana kwemhando yemachira uye zvipfeko. Nekuita certification yeBIS, India inowiriranisa zviyero zvemachira emuchina pamwe nedanho repasi rose, iro rinogona kubatsira mabhizinesi emuno kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinozadzisa zvirinani zvinodiwa nevatengi vekunze, nekudaro zvichisimudzira kukwikwidza kwezvigadzirwa zvemachira zveIndia mumusika wepasirese (semuenzaniso, machira anotengeswa kuEU uye US inoda kusangana nemhando yakaomarara uye kuchengetedzeka).
III. Kukanganisa kuGlobal neChinese Textile Machinery Enterprises
Iyo polisi ine maitiro akasiyana pane akasiyana masangano. Pakati pavo, mabhizinesi ekunze kunze kwenyika (kunyanya mabhizinesi eChinese) anotarisana nematambudziko makuru, nepo mabhizinesi emuno emuIndia nemabhizinesi anoenderana nemhiri kwemakungwa anogona kuwana mikana mitsva.
1. Kune Overseas Export Enterprises: Yenguva pfupi-Yenguva Mutengo Wedzero uye Yakakwirira Kupinda Threshold
Kune mabhizinesi kubva kune makuru machira emuchina anotumira kunze nyika dzakaita seChina, Germany, neItari, zvinokonzeresa zvakanangana nepolitiko ndezvokuwedzera kwemutengo wenguva pfupi uye kuoma kwepamusoro kwemusika:
- Mutengo Wedivi: Sezvambotaurwa, mutengo une chekuita nechitupa unowedzera ne20%. Kana bhizinesi riine chikero chikuru kunze kwenyika (semuenzaniso, kuendesa kunze michina zana kuIndia pagore), mutengo wepagore uchakwira nemazana ezviuru zvemadhora ekuAmerica.
- Nguva Side: Iyo 3-mwedzi chitupa kutenderera inogona kutungamira kunonoka mukurongeka kwekutumira. Kana bhizinesi rikatadza kupedzisa chitupa pamberi paNyamavhuvhu 28, harizokwanisa kutumira kune vatengi veIndia, pamwe vakatarisana nenjodzi yekutyorwa odha.
- Makwikwi Siti: Mamwe madiki uye epakati mabhizinesi ekunze ekunze anogona kumanikidzwa kubuda mumusika weIndia nekuda kwekutadza kwavo kutakura mutengo wechitupa kana kupedzisa kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo nekukurumidza, uye chikamu chemusika chichaiswa mumabhizinesi makuru ane kugona kwekuteerera.
Tichitora China semuenzaniso, China ndiyo hombe kunobva kunze kwenyika michina yemachira kuIndia. Muna 2023, China yakatumira kunze kwemachira emachira kuIndia ingangoita bhiriyoni imwe nesere emadhora ekuAmerica. Iyi mutemo ichabata zvakananga musika wekutengesa kunze kwenyika unosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora ekuAmerica, unosanganisira anodarika mazana maviri emabhizimusi ekuChina emachira emuchina.
2. Kune Local Indian Textile Machinery Enterprises: A Policy Dividend Period
Mabhizinesi emuno emuIndia machira emuchina (akadai seLakshmi Machine Works uye Premier Textile Machinery) ndivo vanozo batsirikana negwaro iri:
- Yakakurumbira Makwikwi Mabhenefiti: Mabhizinesi emuno anonyanya kujairana neIS zviyero uye anogona kupedzisa chitupa nekukurumidza pasina kutakura imwe mari yekufambisa yekuyambuka-muganho uye kuongororwa kwekunze kwemabhizinesi ekunze, nekudaro kuve nezvakawanda zvakanakira mumakwikwi emitengo.
- Kuburitswa kweKudiwa Kwemusika: Mamwe mabhizinesi emachira eIndia aimbovimba nemidziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika anogona kushandura kutenga michina yemuno zvinoenderana nekuda kwekunonoka mukupihwa chitupa chemidziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kana kuwedzera mutengo, zvichifambisa kukura kwemabhizinesi emuno emichina.
- Kurudziro yeKukwidziridzwa kweTekinoroji: Gwaro iri richamanikidzawo mabhizinesi emuno kuti avandudze tekinoroji yemidziyo kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro, izvo zvinobatsira mukusimudzira indasitiri yemuno mukufamba kwenguva.
3. YeIndasitiri yeMachira yeIndia: Marwadzo eNguva pfupi uye Mabhenefiti Enguva Yakareba Akabatana
Kune maIndia emabhizimusi emachira (kureva, vatengi vemichina yemachira), zvinokanganisa mutemo zvinopa maitiro e "nguva pfupi yekumanikidza + mabhenefiti enguva refu":
- Pfupi-Nguva Dzvinyiriro: Pamberi paNyamavhuvhu 28, kana mabhizinesi akatadza kutenga michina inoenderana, vanogona kutarisana nezvinetso zvakaita sekumira mukuvandudzwa kwemidziyo uye kunonoka muzvirongwa zvekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo wekutenga wemidziyo inoenderana unowedzera (sezvo mabhizinesi emichina achipfuura nemitengo yekupihwa zvitupa), izvo zvinozowedzera kumanikidza kwekushanda kwemabhizinesi.
- Mabhenefiti Enguva Yakareba: Mushure mekushandisa michina inoenderana neBIS zviyero, mabhizinesi achange avandudza kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzira (kuderedza tsaona dzine chekuita nebasa), kuderera kwemitengo yekutadza kwemidziyo (kuderedza kurasikirwa kwenguva), uye kugadzikana kwemhando yechigadzirwa (kuvandudza kugutsikana kwevatengi). Mukufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wakazara wekugadzira uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwemabhizinesi.
IV. Indasitiri Recommendations
Mukupindura mutemo weIndia weBIS certification, masangano akasiyana anofanirwa kugadzira nzira dzekupindura zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ekudzikisa njodzi nekubata mikana.
1. Overseas Export Enterprises: Bata Nguva, Deredza Mari, uye Simbisa Kuteerera
- Kurumidza Maitiro eChitupa: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mabhizinesi asati atanga chitupa agadzire timu yakakosha kuti ibatane neBIS-yakatemerwa marabhoritari uye masangano emunharaunda ekubvunzana (senge emuno Indian certification agency) kuti aise pamberi petifiketi yezvigadzirwa zvakakosha uye kuona kuti zvitupa zvinowanikwa Nyamavhuvhu 28 isati yasvika.
- Gadzirisa Chimiro Chemutengo: Deredza mari inoenderana nechitupa nenzira yekuongorora batch (kudzikisa muripo wekuyedza payuniti), kutaurirana nevatengesi kuti vagovane mutengo wekugadzirisa, uye nekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhizinesi anogona kutaurirana nevatengi veIndia kuti vagadzirise mutengo weodha uye kugovera chikamu chekumanikidza kwemutengo.
- Layout Localization in Advance: Kune mabhizinesi ari kuronga kurima zvakanyanya musika weIndia munguva refu, vanogona kufunga nezvekutanga magungano eIndia kana kushandira pamwe nemabhizinesi emuno kugadzira. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira zvimwe zvitupa zvinodikanwa zvemidziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kune rumwe rutivi, uye kuderedza mitoro yetsika nemitengo yekufambisa kune rimwe divi, zvichisimudzira kukwikwidza kwemusika.
2. Local Indian Textile Machinery Enterprises: Bata Mikana, Kuvandudza Technology, uye Kuwedzera Musika.
- Wedzera Kugadzira Kugona Kuchengetera: Mukupindura kune inokwanisika kukura kweodha, ronga huwandu hwekugadzira nguva isati yasvika, ive nechokwadi chekuwaniswa kwezvinhu zvakaringana, uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nemikana yemusika nekuda kwekushomeka kwekugadzira.
- Simbisa Tekinoroji R&D: Pahwaro hwekusangana nezviyero zveIS, wedzera kuvandudza hungwaru uye simba rekuchengetedza nhanho yemidziyo (sekugadzira michina yehungwaru yekuruka nemichina yekumisikidza inopedza simba shoma) kugadzira mukana wakasiyana wemakwikwi.
- Wedzera Base reVatengi: Shingairira kubatana nemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati-saizi machira ayo akatanga ashandisa midziyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, ipai michina yekutsiva mhinduro uye mushure mekutengesa-rutsigiro, uye kuwedzera chikamu chemusika.
3. Indian Textile Enterprises: Ronga Kare, Gadzirira Zvisarudzo Zvakawanda, uye Kuderedza Njodzi
- Tarisa Zvishandiso Zviripo: Ibva waona kana michina iripo inosangana neBIS zviyero. Kana zvisiri, chirongwa chekuvandudza michina chinofanirwa kugadzirwa Nyamavhuvhu 28 isati yasvika kudzivirira kukanganisa kugadzirwa.
- Diversify Procurement Channels: Kuwedzera kune vepakutanga vatengesi vanotengeswa kunze kwenyika, batanidza pamwe chete nemabhizinesi emuno anoteedzana eIndia emuchina kuti amise nzira mbiri dzekutenga dze "import + yemuno" kudzikisa njodzi yekugovera chiteshi chimwe chete.
- Kukiya Mari neMachina Enterprises: Paunenge uchisaina zvibvumirano zvekutenga, tsanangura zvakajeka nzira yekutakura mitengo yechitupa uye nzira yekugadzirisa mutengo kudzivirira kukakavara kunokonzerwa nekuzowedzera kwemutengo.
V. Ramangwana Maonero ePolisi
Kubva pamaonero emaitiro eindasitiri, kuita kweIndia certification yeBIS yemuchina wemicheka inogona kunge iri nhanho yekutanga ye "chirongwa chekuvandudza indasitiri yemachira". Mune ramangwana, India inogona kuwedzera chikamu chemichina yemachira pasi pechitupa chinosungirwa (semuchina wekutenderera nemichina yekudhinda / yekudhaya) uye inogona kusimudza zvakajairwa zvinodiwa (sekuwedzera kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye nehungwaru zviratidzo). Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo kubatana kweIndia nevadyidzani vakuru vekutengesa vakaita seEU neUS kunowedzera, hurongwa hwayo hunogona kuita zvishoma nezvishoma kucherechedzwa pamwe chete nezviyero zvepasi rose (sekuzivikanwa pamwe chete neEU CE certification), izvo zvinosimudzira maitiro ekumisikidzwa kwemusika wepasi rose wemichina yemachira mukufamba kwenguva.
Kune ese mabhizinesi akakodzera, "kutevedzera" kunoda kuiswa mukuronga kwenguva refu kwehurongwa kwete nhanho yenguva pfupi yekupindura. Chete nekuchinjira kune zvakajairwa zvinodikanwa zvemusika unotangwa pachine nguva ndipo mabhizinesi anogona kuchengetedza zvakanakira mumakwikwi epasirese ari kuwedzera.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-20-2025