Kuburitswa kwechangobva kuitika kwechikumbiro chitsva cheEU chekurambidza per- uye polyfluoroalkyl zvinhu (PFAS) mumachira kwakawana kutariswa kukuru kubva kuindasitiri yemachira yepasirese. Chikumbiro ichi hachingosimbisa zvakanyanya PFAS masara emiganhu asiwo inowedzera huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakadzorwa. Izvi zvinotarisirwa kuve nekukanganisa kukuru pakutengeswa kwemachira neChina kuEU. Semutengesi mukuru wemachira kuEU, China inotumira kunze kwenyika €12.7 bhiriyoni pagore kuEU. Makambani ane hukama anofanirwa kuronga kumberi kudzikamisa njodzi dzekutengesa.
I. Core Zvemukati zveChikumbiro: A "Cliff-like" Kusimbisa Miganho uye Kuwedzera Kwakazara Kwekuparidzirwa.
Ichi chitsva cheEU PFAS chekurambidza chikumbiro chinodarika gadziriso yakapusa yemazinga; asi, inomiririra kubudirira mune zvese kusimba kwekutonga uye chiyero chekuvhara, zvakanyanya kudarika mitemo yapfuura.
1. Muganho wakadzikiswa kubva pa50ppm kusvika pa1ppm, uchiwedzera stringency ka50.
PFAS, nekuda kwemvura-, mafuta-, uye inodzivirira tsvina, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumicheka senge zvipfeko zvekunze, zvipfeko zvemitambo, uye machira epamba (senge mattresses asina mvura uye maketeni asingadziviriri). Muganho weEU wekare wePFAS mumachira waive 50ppm (zvikamu makumi mashanu pamiriyoni), asi chirevo chitsva chinodzikisira muganho wakananga ku1ppm, ichida kuti zvakasara zvePFAS mumachira zvichengetwe kusvika padanho "padyo-zero".
Kugadziridzwa uku kunoratidza kushushikana kweEU nezvezvakatipoteredza uye hutano njodzi dzePFAS. PFAS, inozivikanwa se "makemikari echigarire," inonetsa kudzikisira munzvimbo yechisikigo uye inogona kuungana mucheni yechikafu, ichigona kukuvadza endocrine uye immune system. EU yanga ichisimudzira chirongwa che "PFAS-yemahara nharaunda" mumakore achangopfuura, uye kuomeswa kwemuganho wemachira ndiko kuita kwakakosha kwechirongwa ichi muchikamu chevatengi.
2. Kuvhara Mapoka Ese, neAnenge Pasina Textiles Exempt
Chikumbiro chitsva ichi chinotyora iyo yapfuura EU "chikamu-chinogumira" kutonga kwePFAS mumachira, kuwedzera chiyero chekutonga kubva "mamwe machira anoshanda" kune angangoita ese mapoka emachira:
Apparel: zvinosanganisira zvipfeko zvekunze, zvemitambo, zvipfeko zvevana, zvipfeko zvepamutemo, zvipfeko zvemukati, nezvimwewo;
Micheka Yepamba:kuvhara matiresi, machira, maketeni, makapeti, mapiro, nezvimwewo;
Industrial Textiles:zvakadai sematende asingapindi mvura, micheka yezuva, uye machira ekudzivirira.
Chinongosara ndeche "machira ekutanga akagadzirwa kubva kune echisikigo fiber pasina chero inoshanda kurapwa" (senge isina kudhayiwa, isina kuvharwa yakachena yekotoni greige jira). Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoverengera chikamu chidiki kwazvo chezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU, uye ruzhinji rweChinese micheka inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU ichave pasi pekutonga.
3. Bvisa Nguva Yenguva: Mushure memazuva makumi matanhatu ekutaura kwevanhu, mutemo unogona kutanga kushanda muna 2026.
Chikumbiro ichi chapinda munguva yeruzhinji, iyo ichagara kwemazuva makumi matanhatu (kubva pazuva rekuburitswa) uye inonyanya kuitirwa kuunganidza mhinduro kubva kunhengo dzeEU, masangano emaindasitiri, mabhizinesi neveruzhinji. Tichitarisa kubva mukumhanya kweEuropean policy kuita mutemo munguva yakapfuura, zvikumbiro zvakadaro hazviwanzo kugadziridzwa zvakanyanya mushure menguva yeruzhinji. Maitiro emitemo anotarisirwa kupedzwa mukupera kwa2025, nekuitwa zviri pamutemo muna 2026.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti makambani emachira eChinese anongove ne "buffer nguva" yeringangove gore kusvika maviri, panguva iyo ivo vanofanirwa kupedzisa kuvandudza tekinoroji, kugadzirisa macheni avo ekupa, uye kukwidziridza maitiro avo ekuyedza. Zvikasadaro, vanoisa panjodzi yekuvharirwa zvinhu zvavo, kudzoserwa, kana kubhadhariswa faindi netsika dzeEU.
II. Yakananga Impact paChina Textile Kunze Kutengeserana: A €12.7 Mabhirioni Ekunze Musika Inotarisana ne "Muedzo wekutevedzera"
China ndiyo hurusa muEU pakutenga micheka kunze kwenyika. Muna 2024, maChinese machira anotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU akasvika 12.7 bhiriyoni (anenge RMB 98 bhiriyoni), achiverengera makumi maviri nenhatu muzana ezvese zveEU zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira anopfuura zviuru makumi maviri emakambani anotumira kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira mapurovhinzi makuru ekutengesa machira akadai seZhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, neFujian. Kuitwa kwechikumbiro chitsva kuchave nekukanganisa kwakananga kumakambani eChinese maererano nemitengo, maodha, uye cheni dzekugovera.
1. Kuwedzera kuri kuwedzera mutengo kumanikidzwa: Fluorine-isina process kutendeuka uye nyanzvi yekuyedza zvese zvinodhura.
Kumakambani eChinese, kusangana ne1ppm muganho kunosanganisira maviri akakosha mutengo:
Mari yekushandura tekinoroji: Maitiro echinyakare ane fluorine (seaya anoshandisa fluorine-ine anodzivirira mvura) anofanira kutsiviwa zvachose neasina fluorine maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutenga zvinodzivirira mvura zvisina fluorine, kugadzirisa magadzirirwo ekugadzira (setembiricha yekubikisa uye nzira dzekudhaya), nekusimudzira michina. Semuyenzaniso, kukambani yemachira epakati nepakati inotengeswa kunze kwenyika pagore kuEU inosvika US$10 miriyoni, mutengo wekutenga wevabatsiri vasina fluorine wega ungave 30% -50% yakakwirira kupfuura yeaya yechinyakare, uye mutengo wekushandura michina unofungidzirwa kusvika mamiriyoni akati wandei.
Kuwedzera mitengo yekuyedza: Iyo EU inoda kuti machira apfuure "PFAS-chaiyo bvunzo" isati yatumirwa kunze kwenyika, uye mushumo unofanirwa kupihwa neEU-yakatenderwa yechitatu-bato rekuyedza agency. Parizvino, mutengo webvunzo imwe chete yePFAS ingangoita €800-1,500 pabatch. Pakutanga, pasi pemuganho we50ppm, makambani mazhinji aingoda kuita cheki. Nechikumbiro chitsva, batch-by-batch bvunzo inozodiwa. Kune kambani inotumira kunze mabhechi zana pagore, mutengo wepagore wekuyedza uchawedzera ne80,000-150,000 € (inenge RMB 620,000-1.17 miriyoni).
2. Kuwedzera Dambudziko reKurongeka: Vatengi veEU Vanogona Kuenda kune Pre-screening Suppliers
Zvigadzirwa zveEU (zvakadai seZARA, H&M, uye Uniqlo Europe) zvine zvakanyanyisa zvinodikanwa zvekuteedzera cheni. Kutevera kuburitswa kwechikumbiro chitsva ichi, vamwe vatengi veEU vatanga kugadzirisa maitiro avo ekutsvaga:
Vatengesi veChinese vanosungirwa kupa "fluorine-yemahara process certification" uye "PFAS bvunzo mishumo" pachine nguva, tisingasanganisire kubva pakutenga.
Nekunetsekana nenjodzi dzekutevedzwa kwemitemo, mamwe ma brand madiki uye epakati nepakati akadzikisa kutsvagisa zvakananga kubva kuChina uye ari kuchinja kune vatengesi vari muEU kana Southeast Asia nyika (seVietnam neBangladesh). Kunyangwe makambani ekuSoutheast Asia akatarisanawo nekunetsekana kwehunyanzvi, vatengi veEU vanoda "kutonga kwenzvimbo."
Kumakambani madiki uye epakati eChinese emachira, kutadza kukurumidza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemaodha. Makambani makuru, kunyange achikwanisa kubhadhara mari dzekugadziridza, anozoda zvakare kutaurirana nezvemitengo nevatengi veEU, vachidzvanya mibairo yavo.
3. Kuwedzera kwengozi dzekuongorora tsika: Zvinhu zvisingaenderani zvichatarisana nekuvharirwa uye kudzoka.
EU tsika ichava "muiti" wechikumbiro chitsva. Kana yaitwa, tsika dzenhengo dzeEU dzinosimbisa sampling yePFAS uye kuyedzwa kwemachira anotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Chero PFAS yemukati inodarika 1 ppm inozoguma nekuvharirwa pasaiti, uye makambani anozofanirwa kupa mishumo yekuwedzera yekuyedza mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kana kusateedzera kwakasimbiswa, zvinhu zvichadzoserwa nechisimba, uye kambani inogona kuiswa paEU tsika "yekutanga yekutarisa rondedzero," ichiwedzera mwero wekuongorora wezvinotevera kunze kwenyika kusvika pamusoro pe50%.
Yakapfuura EU mirau yezvakatipoteredza pamachira (senge REACH uye azo dhayi zvirambidzo) zvakatokonzera kuti mamwe makambani eChinese atarisana nekurambwa kwekutakura nekuda kwekusatevedzera. Nezvitsva, zvakaomesesa PFAS miganho, njodzi yekurambwa inotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Maererano nenhamba kubva kuChina Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles and Apparel, chiyero chekudzoka kweChinese textiles kuEU nekuda kwekuteerera kwezvakatipoteredza nyaya ichave inenge 1.2% muna 2024. Iyi chiyero inogona kudarika 3% mushure mokunge chirevo chitsva chatanga kushanda.
III. Nzira yekupindura yeMakambani eChinese Textile: Kubva ku "Reactive Compliance" kuenda ku "Proactive Breakthrough"
Takatarisana nematambudziko echikumbiro chitsva cheEU, makambani eChinese machira anofanirwa kusiya pfungwa ye "mhinduro yechinguvana" uye panzvimbo pacho kuvaka kugona kwekuteerera kwenguva refu pane tekinoroji, cheni yekugovera, uye chiyero chemusika, kushandura "mitengo yekutevedzera" kuita "yakanakira kukwikwidza."
1. Technology: Kurumidza kutsiva fluorine-isina maitiro ekubata "green tekinoroji" yakakwira pasi.
Fluorine-isina maitiro akakosha pakusangana neEU miganhu. Makambani anogona kusimudzira shanduko yetekinoroji munzira mbiri:
Isa pamberi pekushandiswa kweakaratidza fluorine-yemahara ekuwedzera: Fluorine-isina zvigadzirwa zviripo pamusika zvinogona kutsiva fluorine-ine inodzoreredza mvura, senge zvirimwa-based repellents emvura uye mvura-based polyurethane coatings. Nepo zvigadzirwa izvi zvichidhura, kugadzikana kwavo kwehunyanzvi kwakaratidza (semuenzaniso, mhando dzemitambo dzakadai saAnta naLi Ning dzakatotora nzira dzekudzivirira mvura dzisina fluorine muzvipfeko zvavo zvekunze).
Bata pamwe nemasangano ekutsvagisa kugadzira matekinoroji anodhura: Mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati anogona kushandira pamwe nemayunivhesiti uye maindasitiri ekutsvagisa masangano (akadai seChina Textile Science Academy) kuita "fluorine-yemahara maitiro ekudzikisa mutengo." Semuenzaniso, nekugadzirisa mareshiyo ekuwedzera uye nekuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira, mutengo weyuniti yeFluorine-yemahara maitiro unogona kudzikiswa.
Uye zvakare, makambani anogona kuongorora iyo "natural fiber + inoshanda kuvandudza" maitiro-semuenzaniso, kukwirisa echisikigo antibacterial uye mwando-inonyudza zvimiro zveflakisi uye bamboo fiber kuderedza kuvimba nePFAS inoshanda zvekuwedzera. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekutengesa "yakasikwa + inoshamwaridzana" kuti iwedzere kukwezva kwechigadzirwa kune vatengi veEU.
2. Supply Chain: Gadzira "Full-Chain Traceability" uye Preemptively Lock Down Testing Matanho
Kuteerera haisi nyaya ye “kudivi rekugadzira” chete; inofanirwa kuitwa mukati mese chain chain:
Upstream Raw Material Control: Saina "PFAS-Yemahara Supply Agreements" nevanogadzira machira uye vagadziri vekuwedzera, zvinoda kuti makambani ari kumusoro ape PFAS mishumo yekuyedza yezvigadzirwa zvavo kuti zvibvise kusvibiswa kunzvimbo;
Midstream Production Process Monitoring: Gadzira "PFAS Control Points" mukati memusangano wekugadzira, sekugara uchiyedza mazinga asara mumatangi ekudhaya uye zvekupfekedza midziyo kudzivirira kusvibiswa;
Kudzika Kunotangira Kuedzwa: Regedza kuvimba ne "post-test" neEU tsika. Panzvimbo iyoyo, komisheni yedzimba, EU-yakatenderwa masangano ekuyedza (akadai seSGS China uye EUROLAB China) kuitisa hunyanzvi PFAS bvunzo zvinhu zvisati zvatengeswa kunze kwenyika. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chekuti mishumo inoenderana nezviyero zveEU uye inoderedza njodzi dzekubvumidzwa kwetsika.
3. Musika: Diversify and Shingirirai "Compliance Premium"
Kutarisana nekumanikidzwa kwekuteerera mumusika weEU, makambani anogona kutora nzira ine mativi maviri:
Wedzera misika isiri yeEU kusiyanisa njodzi: Wedzera kuedza kuongorora misika iri kusimukira yakadai seSoutheast Asia, Middle East, uye South America. Misika iyi parizvino ine mirau yakasununguka paPFAS (semuenzaniso, Brazil neIndia haisati yapa PFAS miganho yemachira), iyo inogona kushanda se "inoenderana" kumusika weEU;
Edza kuwana "Compliance Premium" kubva kune vatengi veEU: Tsanangura nemoyo kukwira kwemitengo yemahara efluorine kune varidzi veEU brand uye kutaurirana nezvemitengo yepamusoro yechigadzirwa. Muchokwadi, vatengi veEU vari kuda kubhadhara "eco-hushamwari zvigadzirwa." Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa neEuropean Consumers Association, machira akanyorwa kuti "PFAS-yemahara" anogona kuraira gumi kusvika gumi neshanu muzana. Makambani anogona kuwana kutonga kwemitengo nekusimbisa "zvakatipoteredza hunhu".
IV. Indasitiri nePolisi Tsigiro: Kuderedza Mutoro uye Kupa Simba Mabhizinesi
Pamusoro pemhinduro dzemabhizinesi, masangano emaindasitiri nemadhipatimendi ehurumende ari kutsigirawo mabhizinesi eChinese machira ekunze:
Masangano eindasitiri ari kutanga "nzvimbo yekupindura uye yekutaurirana": China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles and Apparel yakaronga akati wandei "EU New PFAS Proposal Dudziro Misangano," ichikoka magweta nenyanzvi dzekuyedza kupindura mibvunzo kubva kumabhizinesi. Ivo zvakare vanoronga kumisikidza "fluorine-yemahara process tekinoroji yekugovera raibhurari" kubatsira madiki uye epakati mabhizinesi kudzikisa zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji kupinda.
Hurumende dzenzvimbo dziri kupa "tekinoroji shanduko yerubatsiro": Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, uye mamwe mapurovhinzi akabatanidza "fluorine-yemahara process shanduko yemachira" mumitemo yavo yekutsigira kutengeserana kwekunze. Mabhizinesi anogona kunyorera mari yerubatsiro inosvika makumi matatu muzana yemitengo yekushandura tekinoroji uye kunakidzwa nekudzikiswa kwemari yekuyedza.
Bazi reCommerce riri kusimudzira "China-EU Standards Dialogue": Bazi rezvekutengeserana rakasvitsa zvinodikanwa zvemabhizinesi eChinese kuEU kuburikidza neChina-EU Joint Economic and Trade Committee nzira, uye iri kushanda kumisa "nguva yekuchinja" mushure mekunge chikumbiro chatanga kupa mabhizinesi madiki nepakati ane nguva yakawanda yekugadzirisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-18-2025