Imyenda y'ipamba yo mu Buhinde yohereza hanze: Dilemma niterambere

Inganda z’imyenda mu Buhinde zirimo “ikinyugunyugu” ziterwa n’urwego rwo gutanga ipamba. Nk’igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku mwenda w’ipamba, igabanuka rya 8% ku mwaka ku mwaka ugabanuka ku mwenda w’ipamba mu Buhinde mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2024 ushimangirwa n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ipamba mu gihugu kubera umusaruro wagabanutse. Imibare irerekana ko ibiciro by’ipamba by’Ubuhinde byazamutseho 22% kuva mu ntangiriro za 2024 bigera kuri Q2, bituma ibiciro by’umusaruro w’imyenda y'ipamba bigabanuka ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ingaruka zingaruka inyuma yumusaruro wagabanijwe
Kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'ipamba mu Buhinde ntabwo ari impanuka. Mu gihe cy’ibihingwa 2023-2024, uduce twinshi twatangaga umusaruro nka Maharashtra na Gajereti twatewe n’amapfa adasanzwe, bigatuma umwaka wa 15% ugabanuka ku musaruro w’ipamba kuri buri gace. Umusaruro wose wagabanutse kugera kuri miriyoni 34 (170 kg kuri bale), ukaba muto cyane mumyaka itanu ishize. Ibura ry'ibikoresho fatizo byatumye ibiciro byiyongera mu buryo butaziguye, kandi abakora imyenda y'ipamba bafite imbaraga nke zo guhahirana: uruganda rukora imyenda mito n'iciriritse rugizwe na 70% by'inganda z’imyenda yo mu Buhinde kandi rugerageza gufunga ibiciro fatizo binyuze mu masezerano y'igihe kirekire, bigomba kwemezwa kohereza amafaranga.

Igisubizo ku isoko mpuzamahanga kirarenze. Mu gihe abanywanyi batandukana nka Bangladesh na Vietnam, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu ipamba byo mu Buhinde byohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika byagabanutseho 11% na 9%. Abaguzi b’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifuza cyane guhindukirira Pakisitani, aho ibiciro by’ipamba bikomeza kuba byiza kubera umusaruro mwinshi, kandi amagambo y’imyenda isa ni munsi ya 5% -8% ugereranije n’Ubuhinde.
Igitabo cya Politiki yo guca intege
Imbere y’iki kibazo, igisubizo cya guverinoma y’Ubuhinde cyerekana uburyo bubiri bw '“ubutabazi bwihuse bwihuse + impinduka ndende”:

• Gukuraho ibiciro by’imyenda itumizwa mu mahanga: Niba politiki ishyizwe mu bikorwa, Ubuhinde buzasonera imyenda y’ipamba yatumijwe mu mahanga ku giciro cy’ibanze 10% n’umusoro w’inyongera 5%. Nk’uko bigaragazwa na Minisiteri y’imyenda y’Ubuhinde, iki cyemezo kirashobora kugabanya igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga ku gipimo cya 15%, kandi biteganijwe ko bizongera buri kwezi ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga biva kuri toni 50.000, bikuzuza 20% by’ibikoresho by’imbere mu gihugu kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko w’ibikoresho fatizo ku bakora inganda.
• Gutezimbere inzira y’ipamba itunganijwe neza: Guverinoma irateganya gutanga umusoro ku giciro cya 3% ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu mahanga binyuze muri “Recycled Fiber Export Incentive Programme” kandi igakorana n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ipamba. Kugeza ubu, Ubuhinde bwohereza mu mahanga imyenda y’ipamba itunganijwe bingana na 5%, mu gihe isoko ry’imyenda itunganyirizwa ku isi ryiyongera ku mwaka ku kigero cya 12%. Inyungu za politiki ziteganijwe gutuma ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri iki cyiciro birenga miliyari imwe y'amadolari muri 2024.

Inganda Guhangayikishwa n'ibiteganijwe
Inganda zimyenda ziracyareba ingaruka za politiki. Sanjay Thakur, Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’imyenda yo mu Buhinde, yagize ati: “Kugabanya ibiciro bishobora gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa, ariko uburyo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga (iminsi 45-60 yo gutumizwa muri Berezile no muri Amerika) ntibishobora gusimbuza byimazeyo urwego rw’ibicuruzwa bitangwa.” Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ni uko isoko mpuzamahanga rikenera imyenda y'ipamba riva ku “giciro cyo hasi” kikajya “ku buryo burambye” - Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyizeho amategeko avuga ko umubare w’imisemburo itunganijwe neza mu bikoresho fatizo by’imyenda utagomba kuba munsi ya 50% mu 2030, iyi ikaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma Ubuhinde buteza imbere ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga.

Iki kibazo cyatewe nipamba gishobora guhatira inganda z’imyenda mu Buhinde kwihutisha ihinduka ryayo. Mugihe politiki yigihe gito noguhindura inzira ndende bigira ubufatanye, niba ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mubudodo bwipamba mubuhinde bishobora guhagarika kugabanuka no kongera kugaruka mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka wa 2024 bizaba idirishya ryingenzi ryo kureba ivugururwa ryurwego rwogutanga imyenda kwisi yose.

Shitouchenli

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha

Turi isosiyete ikora imyenda yo kugurisha imyenda yibanda cyane muguha abakiriya bacu uburyo butandukanye bwimyenda. Umwanya udasanzwe nkuruganda rukomokaho udufasha guhuza byimazeyo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro, no gusiga amarangi, bikaduha amahirwe yo guhatanira mubiciro nibiranga ubuziranenge.
Nkumufatanyabikorwa wizewe mubikorwa byimyenda, twishimira ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutanga imyenda yo murwego rwo hejuru kubiciro byapiganwa. Ubwitange bwacu bwo kuba indashyikirwa no guhaza abakiriya byadushyize ku isoko ryizewe kandi ryizewe ku isoko.