Guhagarika Igiciro cy’Ubushinwa na Amerika: Inyungu Zigihe gito vs Umuvuduko Wigihe kirekire

Ku ya 12 Kanama, Ubushinwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika byatangaje ko hahinduwe politiki y’ubucuruzi by’agateganyo: 24% by’imisoro 34% byashyizweho hagati ya Mata uyu mwaka izahagarikwa iminsi 90, mu gihe 10% isigaye y’inyongera izakomeza kubaho. Ishyirwaho ry’iyi politiki ryahise ryinjiza “booster shot” mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda yohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, ariko kandi bihisha ibibazo bituruka ku marushanwa y'igihe kirekire.

Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka z'igihe gito, ingaruka zihuse zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ni ngombwa. Ku Bushinwa bw’imyenda n’imyenda yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bishingiye ku isoko ry’Amerika, ihagarikwa ry’amahoro ya 24% rigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ibiciro byoherezwa mu mahanga. Dufashe icyiciro cy'imyenda ifite agaciro ka miliyoni imwe y'amadolari nk'urugero, hiyongereyeho $ 340.000 by'amahoro; nyuma yo guhindura politiki, 100.000 $ yonyine niyo agomba kwishyurwa, byerekana ko igabanuka ryibiciro birenga 70%. Izi mpinduka zahise zoherezwa ku isoko: ku munsi politiki yatangarijweho, inganda mu masoko y’inganda z’imyenda nka Shaoxing muri Zhejiang na Dongguan muri Guangdong zabonye amabwiriza yihutirwa y’abakiriya ba Amerika. Ushinzwe uruganda rwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ruherereye mu mujyi wa Zhejiang ruzobereye mu myambaro y'ipamba yatangaje ko babonye ibicuruzwa 3 ku makoti 5.000 yo mu gihe cy'izuba n'itumba byose ku gicamunsi cyo ku ya 12 Kanama, abakiriya bakavuga ku buryo bweruye ko “kubera igabanuka ry'ibiciro by'imisoro, bizeye gufunga ibicuruzwa mbere.” Uruganda rukora imyenda muri Guangdong rwakiriye kandi ibyifuzo by’abacuruzi bo muri Amerika basabwa kuzuzwa, birimo ibyiciro nka denim n’imyenda iboshye, aho ibicuruzwa byatumijwe byiyongereyeho 30% ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyashize mu myaka yashize.

Inyuma y'izi ngaruka nziza zigihe gito ni isoko ryihutirwa ryihutirwa mubucuruzi. Mu mezi atandatu ashize, bitewe n’igiciro cyo hejuru cya 34%, inganda z’imyenda mu Bushinwa zohereza muri Amerika zashyizweho igitutu. Bamwe mu baguzi b'Abanyamerika, kugira ngo birinde ibiciro, bahindukiriye kugura mu bihugu bifite amahoro make nka Vietnam na Bangladesh, bituma igabanuka ry'ukwezi ku kwezi umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'imyenda yoherezwa mu Bushinwa muri Amerika mu gihembwe cya kabiri. Ihagarikwa ry’amahoro kuriyi nshuro rihwanye no guha inganda amezi 3 "igihe cyoguswera", kidafasha gusa guhunika ibicuruzwa biriho no guhuza injyana y’umusaruro ahubwo binatanga umwanya ku mishinga ku mpande zombi kugira ngo bongere kuganira ku biciro no gushyira umukono ku masezerano mashya.

Nyamara, imiterere yigihe gito ya politiki nayo yashyizeho urufatiro rwo gushidikanya igihe kirekire. Igihe cyo guhagarika iminsi 90 ntabwo ari ugukuraho burundu ibiciro, kandi niba bizongerwa nyuma yigihe kirangiye kandi urugero rwibihinduka biterwa niterambere ryibiganiro byakurikiyeho Ubushinwa na Amerika. Izi ngaruka "igihe cyamadirishya" zishobora kuganisha ku myitwarire yigihe gito cyamasoko: Abakiriya ba Amerika barashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa cyane mugihe cyiminsi 90, mugihe ibigo byabashinwa bigomba kuba maso kubyerekeye ibyago byo "gutumiza ibicuruzwa birenze urugero" - niba ibiciro byagarutsweho nyuma yuko politiki irangiye, amabwiriza akurikira arashobora kugabanuka.

Ikigaragara cyane ni uko imiterere yo guhatanira ibicuruzwa by’imyenda mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga byahindutse cyane. Amakuru aheruka kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Gicurasi uyu mwaka yerekana ko Ubushinwa ku isoko ry’imyenda yo muri Amerika itumiza mu mahanga bwamanutse bugera kuri 17.2%, bikaba bibaye ubwa mbere kuva imibare itangira ko yarengewe na Vietnam (17.5%). Vietnam, ishingiye ku giciro gito cy’umurimo, inyungu ziva mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’uturere nk’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, hamwe n’inganda ziyongera cyane mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda mu myaka yashize, ihindura amabwiriza yari asanzwe ari ay'Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu nka Bangladesh n'Ubuhinde nabyo byihutisha gufata binyuze mu guhitamo imisoro no gushyigikira politiki y'inganda.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, iri hinduka ry’igihe gito ry’imisoro y’Ubushinwa na Amerika ni “amahirwe yo guhumeka” ndetse n '“urwibutso rwo guhinduka” ku bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’imyenda y’ubushinwa. Mu gihe hafatwa inyungu ku bicuruzwa byateganijwe mu gihe gito, inganda zigomba kwihutisha kuzamura imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, imenyekanisha, n’icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo ihangane n’igitutu kirekire cy’amarushanwa mpuzamahanga no kutamenya neza politiki y’ubucuruzi.

Shitouchenli

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha

Turi isosiyete ikora imyenda yo kugurisha imyenda yibanda cyane muguha abakiriya bacu uburyo butandukanye bwimyenda. Umwanya udasanzwe nkuruganda rukomokaho udufasha guhuza byimazeyo ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro, no gusiga amarangi, bikaduha amahirwe yo guhatanira mubiciro nibiranga ubuziranenge.
Nkumufatanyabikorwa wizewe mubikorwa byimyenda, twishimira ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutanga imyenda yo murwego rwo hejuru kubiciro byapiganwa. Ubwitange bwacu bwo kuba indashyikirwa no guhaza abakiriya byadushyize ku isoko ryizewe kandi ryizewe ku isoko.