Thaum Lub Yim Hli 5, 2025, Is Nrias teb thiab Tebchaws Askiv tau tshaj tawm Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam (Ntawm no hu ua "India-UK FTA"). Qhov kev sib koom ua lag luam tseem ceeb no tsis yog tsuas yog hloov kho ob tog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws tab sis kuj xa ripples los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb textile txawv teb chaws lag luam lag luam. Cov kev cai "zero-tariff" rau kev lag luam textile nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus yog ncaj qha rewriting toj roob hauv pes kev sib tw ntawm lub UK lub textile ntshuam kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog possibilities rau Suav textile export lag luam uas tau ntev dominated lub lag luam.
Lub hauv paus ntawm Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo: Zero tariffs ntawm 1,143 Textile Categories, India Targets UK Incremental Market
Kev lag luam textile sawv tawm raws li ib qho ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA: 1,143 pawg textile (nrog cov ntu loj xws li paj rwb, grey ntaub, cov khaub ncaws npaj txhij, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev) xa tawm los ntawm Is Nrias teb mus rau UK tau raug zam tag nrho los ntawm cov nqi se, suav txog kwv yees li 85% ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm. Ua ntej no, Indian cov khoom siv textile nkag mus rau UK ua lag luam tau raug nqi se txij li 5% mus rau 12%, thaum qee cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov neeg sib tw loj xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Bangladesh twb tau txais cov nqi se qis dua raws li Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) lossis kev pom zoo ob tog.
Kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov nqi se tau ncaj qha txhim kho tus nqi sib tw ntawm Indian textile khoom hauv UK ua lag luam. Raws li kev suav suav los ntawm Confederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI), tom qab tshem tawm cov nqi se, tus nqi ntawm Indian cov khaub ncaws npaj ua hauv khw UK tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 6% -8%. Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm Indian thiab Suav 同类 cov khoom yuav nqaim los ntawm yav dhau los 3% -5% mus rau tsawg dua 1%, thiab qee qhov khoom nruab nrab-rau-kawg kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav tus nqi sib npaug lossis tshaj Suav cov neeg sib tw.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua lag luam nplai, UK yog tus thib peb-loj tshaj plaws textile importer nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, nrog rau ib xyoos twg textile ntshuam ntim ntawm USD 26.95 billion (2024 cov ntaub ntawv). Ntawm qhov no, tsoos tsho suav txog 62%, tsev textiles rau 23%, thiab ntaub thiab xov paj rau 15%. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, vam khom rau nws cov saw hlau ua tiav, ruaj khov zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig loj, Tuam Tshoj tau tuav 28% ntawm UK cov khoom lag luam textile ntshuam, ua rau UK cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias Is Nrias teb yog lub ntiaj teb thib ob cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws, nws cov khoom lag luam hauv UK tsuas yog 6.6%, feem ntau yog tsom rau cov khoom nruab nrab xws li paj rwb xov paj thiab grey ntaub, nrog cov nqi siab-ntxiv cov ris tsho xa tawm rau tsawg dua 30%.
Kev nkag mus rau hauv kev quab yuam ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA tau qhib "qhov rais ntxiv" rau Is Nrias teb kev lag luam textile. Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tom qab qhov kev pom zoo tau siv, Is Nrias teb Ministry of Textiles tau hais meej meej nws lub hom phiaj kom nce textile xa tawm mus rau UK los ntawm USD 1.78 billion hauv 2024 txog $ 5 billion hauv peb lub xyoos tom ntej, nrog rau kev lag luam feem ntau tshaj 18%. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias Is Nrias teb npaj yuav hloov pauv kwv yees li 11.4 feem pua cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam uas twb muaj lawm, thiab Tuam Tshoj, uas yog tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv UK kev ua lag luam, yuav dhau los ua nws lub hom phiaj kev sib tw.
Kev Sib Tw rau Tuam Tshoj Kev Lag Luam Textile: Kev Nyuaj Siab ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam Nruab Nrab-rau-Low-End, Cov Khoom Muag Khoom Zoo tseem nyob tab sis xav tau ceev faj
Rau Suav textile export lag luam, cov kev cov nyom coj los ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA feem ntau tsom rau cov khoom lag luam nruab nrab mus rau qis kawg. Tam sim no, nruab nrab-rau-tsawg-kawg npaj-ua khaub ncaws (xws li hnav xws li hnav thiab cov ntaub hauv tsev yooj yim) suav txog kwv yees li 45% ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm mus rau UK. Cov khoom lag luam no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, kev sib tw hnyav homogeneous, thiab tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw. Is Nrias teb, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov nqi ua haujlwm (qhov nruab nrab cov nyiaj hli nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm textile Indian yog kwv yees li 1/3 ntawm qhov ntawd hauv Suav teb) thiab cov khoom siv paj rwb (India yog lub ntiaj teb cov paj rwb loj tshaj plaws), ua ke nrog kev txo nqi, tuaj yeem nyiam cov khw muag khoom hauv UK los hloov ib feem ntawm lawv cov kev txiav txim nruab nrab mus rau qis kawg rau Is Nrias teb.
Los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, cov tswv yim kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khw muag khoom loj hauv UK (xws li Marks & Spencer, Primark, thiab ASDA) tau pom cov cim ntawm kev hloov kho. Raws li kev lag luam cov peev txheej, Primark tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus mus sij hawm ntev nrog 3 lub tuam txhab Indian tsoos tsho thiab npaj yuav nce qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm ib nrab-rau-kawg xws li hnav khaub ncaws los ntawm yav dhau los 10% mus rau 30%. Marks & Spencer kuj tau hais tias nws yuav nce qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev Indian tsim nyob rau xyoo 2025-2026 lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, nrog rau thawj lub hom phiaj ntawm 15%.
Txawm li cas los xij, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam textile tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev lag luam saw thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv tseem yog tus yuam sij rau kev tawm tsam kev sib tw. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Tuam Tshoj muaj kev ua tiav cov saw hlau tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau, spinning, weaving, luam ntawv thiab dyeing rau cov khaub ncaws npaj txhij. Cov lus teb ceev ntawm cov saw hlau lag luam (nrog rau qhov kev txiav txim nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog ntawm 20 hnub) yog nrawm dua li ntawm Is Nrias teb (kwv yees li 35-40 hnub), uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom lag luam ceev ceev uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua sai. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Tuam Tshoj cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm high-end textiles (xws li cov ntaub ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab cov khoom siv ntse) yog qhov nyuaj rau Is Nrias teb kom dhau lub sijhawm luv. Piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom xa tawm ntawm cov ntaub polyester rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev mus rau UK tus account rau ntau dua 40% ntawm UK kev ua lag luam, feem ntau yog tsom rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam nruab nrab-siab-siab, thiab ntu no tsis tshua cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi se.
Tsis tas li ntawd, "kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb" ntawm Tuam Tshoj textile tuam txhab kuj tseem tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib qho kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau lub tuam txhab textile hauv Suav teb tau tsim cov chaw tsim khoom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia thiab Africa kom nkag mus rau European lag luam los ntawm kev siv cov kev nyiam hauv zos. Piv txwv li, lub Hoobkas Nyab Laj ntawm Shenzhou International tuaj yeem txaus siab rau xoom tariffs los ntawm EU-Vietnam Free Trade Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo, thiab nws cov khaub ncaws kis las xa tawm mus rau UK suav txog 22% ntawm UK cov khaub ncaws ua kis las. Qhov kev lag luam no yog ib ntus tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA.
Extended Industry Impact: Accelerated Regionalization ntawm Ntiaj Teb Textile Supply Chain, Enterprises yuav tsum tsom mus rau "Differentiated Competition"
Kev nkag mus rau hauv kev quab yuam ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm microcosm ntawm lub ntiaj teb sib txawv ntawm "regionalization" thiab "kev pom zoo-raws li" kev loj hlob ntawm textile mov saw. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ob tog kev sib cog lus pub dawb xws li EU-Indonesia FTA, UK-India FTA, thiab US-Vietnam FTA tau dhau los ua ntu zus. Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog los tsim "ze-shore supply chains" lossis "cov khoom sib koom ua ke" los ntawm kev nyiam tariff, thiab cov qauv no tau hloov kho cov cai ntawm kev lag luam textile thoob ntiaj teb.
Rau cov lag luam textile thoob ntiaj teb, cov tswv yim teb yuav tsum tsom mus rau "kev sib txawv":
Indian Kev Lag Luam: Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, lawv yuav tsum tau hais txog cov teeb meem xws li kev tsim khoom tsis txaus thiab cov saw hlau ruaj khov (piv txwv li, paj rwb tus nqi hloov pauv, lub zog tsis txaus) kom tsis txhob muaj kev xa khoom qeeb los ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, lawv yuav tsum tau nce qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis-ntxiv thiab rhuav tshem ntawm kev vam khom ntawm kev lag luam nruab nrab mus rau qis-kawg.
Tuam Tshoj Kev Lag Luam: Ntawm ib sab, lawv tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke hauv kev lag luam high-end los ntawm kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis (xws li, tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau). Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib koom tes nrog UK hom (xws li, muab cov qauv tsim kho thiab cov kev pabcuam xa xov sai) txhawm rau txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem siv txoj haujlwm "Belt and Road" kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam cov nqi se los ntawm kev xa khoom los ntawm peb lub tebchaws lossis kev tsim tawm txawv teb chaws.
UK Cov Khw Muag Khoom: Lawv yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab cov saw hlau ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias cov khoom lag luam Indian muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, lawv ntsib cov khoom lag luam ntau dua. Cov khoom lag luam suav, txawm tias me ntsis siab dua ntawm tus nqi, muab kev lees paub zoo dua thiab kev xa khoom ruaj khov. Nws cia siab tias UK kev ua lag luam yuav nthuav tawm cov qauv khoom siv dual ntawm "high-end los ntawm Tuam Tshoj + nruab nrab-rau-kawg-kawg los ntawm Is Nrias teb" yav tom ntej.
Feem ntau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Is Nrias teb-UK FTA ntawm kev lag luam textile tsis yog "kev cuam tshuam" tab sis txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib tw los ntawm "tus nqi tsov rog" mus rau "tus nqi tsov rog". Rau Suav textile export lag luam, lawv yuav tsum tau ceev faj tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm ib nrab-rau-tsawg-kawg kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, tsim tshiab kev sib tw zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev cai tshiab kev lag luam los ntawm industrial chain upgrading thiab ntiaj teb no layout.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-22-2025