Kev tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no ntawm EU tsab ntawv thov tshiab los txwv per- thiab polyfluoroalkyl tshuaj (PFAS) hauv textiles tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb los ntawm kev lag luam textile thoob ntiaj teb. Lub tswv yim tsis tsuas yog nruj me ntsis txwv PFAS seem tab sis kuj nthuav dav cov khoom tswj hwm. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau Tuam Tshoj cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm mus rau EU. Raws li tus xa khoom loj ntawm textiles rau EU, Tuam Tshoj xa tawm € 12.7 billion ib xyoos rau EU. Cov tuam txhab muaj feem cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lag luam.
I. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Pom Zoo: Ib qho "Cliff-like" Tightening of limits and a comprehensive expansion of coverage
Lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm EU PFAS txwv no mus dhau qhov kev hloov kho yooj yim ntawm cov qauv; es, nws sawv cev rau kev ua tiav ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm kev siv zog ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab cov peev txheej ntawm cov kev pab cuam, ntau tshaj li cov kev cai dhau los.
1. Qhov kev txwv tau raug txo qis los ntawm 50ppm mus rau 1ppm, nce stringency 50 zaug.
PFAS, vim lawv cov dej-, roj-, thiab stain-resistant, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv textiles xws li sab nraum zoov khaub ncaws, sportswear, thiab tsev textiles (xws li waterproof txaj thiab stain-resistant curtains). EU cov kev txwv yav dhau los rau PFAS hauv textiles yog 50ppm (50 feem ntawm ib lab), tab sis qhov kev thov tshiab txo qis kev txwv ncaj qha mus rau 1ppm, ua tau zoo xav kom PFAS seem hauv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau qib "zero".
Qhov kev hloov pauv no qhia txog EU kev txhawj xeeb txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm PFAS. PFAS, lub npe hu ua "tshuaj lom neeg mus tas li," yog qhov nyuaj rau kev puas tsuaj hauv ib puag ncig ntuj thiab tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg endocrine thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. EU tau txhawb nqa "PFAS-dawb ib puag ncig" lub tswv yim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, thiab qhov kev txwv nruj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub tswv yim no hauv cov neeg siv khoom.
2. Npog txhua pawg, uas yuav luag tsis muaj kev zam rau Textiles
Lub tswv yim tshiab rhuav tshem EU yav dhau los "qhib txwv" kev tswj hwm ntawm PFAS hauv textiles, nthuav dav kev tswj hwm los ntawm "txhua yam kev ua haujlwm textiles" mus rau yuav luag txhua pawg textiles:
Khaub ncaws: suav nrog kev hnav sab nraum zoov, khaub ncaws ncaws pob, hnav khaub ncaws menyuam yaus, hnav khaub ncaws, ris tsho hauv qab, thiab lwm yam.;
Tsev Textiles:npog lub txaj, ntawv, ntaub, ntaub pua plag, hauv ncoo, thiab lwm yam.;
Industrial Textiles:xws li cov tsev pheeb suab tsis muaj dej, tshav ntuj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tiv thaiv.
Qhov kev zam tsuas yog "cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ua los ntawm ntuj fibers yam tsis muaj kev kho mob" (xws li undyed, uncoated ntshiab paj rwb greige ntaub). Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam no suav nrog feem tsawg ntawm kev xa tawm mus rau EU, thiab feem ntau ntawm Suav textile xa tawm mus rau EU yuav raug tswj.
3. Lub Sijhawm Ncua Sijhawm: Tom qab 60-hnub lub sijhawm tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem, txoj cai yuav siv tau rau xyoo 2026.
Cov lus pom zoo tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem, uas yuav kav ntev txog 60 hnub (pib txij hnub tshaj tawm) thiab feem ntau yog npaj los sau cov lus tawm tswv yim los ntawm EU cov tswv cuab, koom haum kev lag luam, kev lag luam, thiab cov pej xeem. Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua raws li EU txoj cai ib puag ncig yav dhau los, cov lus pom zoo no feem ntau tsis hloov pauv loj tom qab lub sijhawm tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem. Cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj yuav tsum ua kom tiav thaum kawg ntawm 2025, nrog rau kev ua tiav hauv 2026.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj textile tuam txhab uas muag tsuas muaj "lub sij hawm tsis" ntawm kwv yees li ib mus rau ob xyoos, thaum lub sij hawm uas lawv yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev txawj ntse txawj tej yam ntxiv, kho lawv cov khoom chains, thiab optimize lawv cov txheej txheem xeem. Txwv tsis pub, lawv pheej hmoo kom lawv cov khoom raug ntes, xa rov qab, lossis raug nplua los ntawm EU kev lis kev cai.
II. Kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Tuam Tshoj Textile Txawv Teb Chaws Kev Lag Luam: Ib qho € 12.7 billion Export Market ntsib qhov "Ua Raws Cai"
Tuam Tshoj yog EU qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm textile ntshuam. Hauv 2024, Suav textile xa tawm mus rau EU tau txog € 12.7 billion (kwv yees li RMB 98 billion), suav txog 23% ntawm EU cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tag nrho. Qhov no suav nrog ntau dua 20,000 cov tuam txhab xa tawm, suav nrog cov tuam txhab xa khoom loj xws li Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, thiab Fujian. Kev ua raws li qhov kev thov tshiab no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tuam txhab Suav hauv cov nqi, kev txiav txim, thiab cov saw hlau.
1. Tus nqi nce siab: Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine hloov dua siab tshiab thiab kev kuaj tshwj xeeb yog ob qho tib si kim.
Rau cov tuam txhab Suav, kev sib ntsib 1ppm txwv suav nrog ob tus nqi tseem ceeb:
Cov nqi hloov pauv kev siv tshuab: Cov txheej txheem uas muaj cov tshuaj fluorine (xws li cov uas siv cov tshuaj fluorine-muaj dej-repellents) yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho nrog cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine. Qhov no suav nrog kev yuav cov dej tsis muaj fluorine, kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (xws li ci kub thiab cov txheej txheem dyeing), thiab cov cuab yeej kho dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, rau cov tuam txhab textile nruab nrab nrog kev xa tawm txhua xyoo mus rau EU ntawm US $ 10 lab, tus nqi yuav khoom ntawm fluorine-free auxiliaries ib leeg yuav yog 30% -50% siab dua li cov koom haum ib txwm siv, thiab cov khoom siv hloov pauv tau kwv yees mus txog ntau lab yuan.
Cov nqi xeem nce ntxiv: EU xav kom cov ntaub ntawv hla dhau "PFAS-kev sim tshwj xeeb" ua ntej xa tawm, thiab tsab ntawv ceeb toom yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm EU-pom zoo rau lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm kuaj. Tam sim no, tus nqi ntawm ib qho kev xeem PFAS yog kwv yees li € 800-1,500 ib pob. Yav dhau los, raws li 50ppm txwv, feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsuas yog xav tau los ua qhov chaw kuaj xyuas. Nrog rau lub tswv yim tshiab, batch-by-batch test yuav tsum tau. Rau ib lub tuam txhab xa tawm 100 batch txhua xyoo, cov nqi kuaj txhua xyoo yuav nce € 80,000-150,000 (kwv yees li RMB 620,000-1.17 lab).
2. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txiav txim siab: EU Cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov neeg muab khoom kuaj ua ntej
EU hom (xws li ZARA, H&M, thiab Uniqlo Europe) muaj cov kev cai siab heev rau kev ua raws li cov saw hlau. Tom qab tso tawm cov lus pom zoo tshiab, qee tus neeg yuav khoom hauv EU tau pib kho lawv cov tswv yim nrhiav:
Cov neeg muag khoom hauv Suav teb yuav tsum tau muab "cov ntawv pov thawj tsis muaj tshuaj fluorine" thiab "PFAS cov ntaub ntawv xeem" ua ntej, tsis suav nrog lawv los ntawm kev yuav khoom.
Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua raws cai, qee lub npe me thiab nruab nrab tau txo qis kev xa khoom ncaj qha los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab tab tom hloov mus rau cov neeg muag khoom hauv EU lossis cov tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj (xws li Nyab Laj thiab Bangladesh). Txawm hais tias cov tuam txhab Esxias sab hnub tuaj tseem ntsib kev tsis sib haum xeeb, EU cov neeg yuav khoom nyiam "kev tswj hwm hauv zos."
Rau cov tuam txhab lag luam me me thiab nruab nrab hauv Suav teb, ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua sai sai tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm kev txiav txim. Cov tuam txhab loj, thaum muaj peev xwm them taus cov nqi kho dua tshiab, tseem yuav tau rov sib tham tus nqi nrog EU cov neeg yuav khoom, nyem lawv cov nyiaj tau los.
3. Muaj kev pheej hmoo tshuaj xyuas kev lis kev cai: Cov khoom tsis ua raws cai yuav raug kaw thiab rov qab los.
EU kev lis kev cai yuav dhau los ua "tus thawj coj" ntawm qhov kev thov tshiab. Thaum ua tiav, EU cov tswvcuab hauv lub xeev cov kev lis kev cai yuav ntxiv dag zog rau PFAS sampling thiab kev sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj txawv teb chaws. Ib qho PFAS cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj 1 ppm yuav ua rau raug kaw hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov tuam txhab yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam ntxiv hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg. Yog tias tsis ua raws li kev lees paub, cov khoom yuav raug yuam rov qab, thiab lub tuam txhab yuav raug muab tso rau hauv EU kev lis kev cai "ua ntej saib xyuas daim ntawv teev npe," nce tus nqi tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom xa tawm tom ntej mus rau ntau dua 50%.
Yav dhau los EU kev cai ib puag ncig ntawm textiles (xws li REACH thiab azo dye txwv) twb tau ua rau qee lub tuam txhab Suav ntsib kev xa khoom xa tuaj vim tsis ua raws. Nrog rau cov kev txwv PFAS tshiab, nruj dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis lees paub yuav tsum nce ntxiv. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Chamber of Commerce rau Ntshuam thiab Export ntawm Textiles thiab Apparel, tus nqi xa rov qab ntawm Suav textiles mus rau EU vim hais tias ib puag ncig ua raws li tej teeb meem yuav yog kwv yees li 1.2% nyob rau hauv 2024. Tus nqi no yuav zoo li ntau tshaj 3% tom qab lub tswv yim tshiab yuav siv tau.
III. Txoj Kev Teb rau Suav Tuam Txhab Textile: Los ntawm "Reactive Compliance" mus rau "Proactive Breakthrough"
Tau ntsib nrog cov teeb meem ntawm EU lub tswv yim tshiab, Tuam Tshoj textile tuam txhab uas muag yuav tsum tso tseg "cov lus teb ib ntus" lub siab lub ntsws thiab hloov ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov saw hlau, thiab kev lag luam qhov ntev, hloov "kev ua raws li cov nqi" rau "kev sib tw zoo."
1. Tshuab: Ua kom nrawm hloov cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau "ntsuab thev naus laus zis" hauv av siab.
Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine yog qhov tseem ceeb ua kom tau raws li EU txwv. Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis hauv ob txoj hauv kev:
Ua ntej siv cov khoom pov thawj uas tsis muaj fluorine ntxiv: cov khoom tsis muaj fluorine tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam uas tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj fluorine-muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, xws li cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab cov dej-raws li polyurethane txheej. Thaum cov khoom lag luam no kim dua, lawv cov kev ruaj ntseg tau raug pov thawj (piv txwv li, cov khoom ua si xws li Anta thiab Li Ning tau txais cov txheej txheem dej tsis muaj fluorine hauv lawv cov khaub ncaws sab nraum zoov).
Koom tes nrog cov koom haum tshawb fawb los tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas tsis muaj nqi: Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab tuaj yeem koom tes nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb kev lag luam (xws li Tuam Tshoj Textile Science Academy) los ua "kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj fluorine-dawb txo nqi." Piv txwv li, los ntawm optimizing additive ratios thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, chav tsev nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine yuav raug txo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav "natural fiber + functional improvement" mus kom ze - piv txwv li, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov dej noo-nqus cov khoom ntawm flax thiab xyoob fibers kom txo tau kev cia siab ntawm PFAS functional additives. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, tsim ib tug "natural + environmentally friendly" khoom muag taw tes los txhim kho cov khoom thov rau EU cov neeg siv khoom.
2. Supply Chain: Tsim "Full-Chain Traceability" thiab Preemptively Lockdown Test
Kev ua raws cai tsis yog qhov teeb meem "sab ntau lawm"; Nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov khoom siv:
Upstream Raw Material Control: Kos npe "PFAS-Dawb Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo" nrog cov chaw muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv, xav kom cov tuam txhab sab saum toj muab cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam PFAS rau lawv cov khoom siv raw kom tshem tawm cov paug ntawm qhov chaw;
Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab: Tsim "PFAS Tswj Cov Ntsiab Lus" nyob rau hauv lub rooj cob qhia ntau lawm, xws li tsis tu ncua kuaj cov seem seem hauv cov dyeing tanks thiab txheej txheej los tiv thaiv kev sib kis;
Downstream Preemptive Testing: Tsis txhob cia siab rau "kev sim tom qab" los ntawm EU kev lis kev cai. Hloov chaw, ua haujlwm hauv tsev, EU-kev lees paub cov chaw kuaj mob (xws li SGS Tuam Tshoj thiab Intertek Tuam Tshoj) ua qhov tshwj xeeb PFAS kuaj ua ntej cov khoom xa tawm. Qhov no ua kom cov ntawv ceeb toom ua raws li EU cov qauv thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lis kev cai.
3. Kev Ua Lag Luam: Sib txawv thiab siv zog rau "Ua raws li tus nqi"
Tawm tsam kev ua raws cai hauv EU kev ua lag luam, tuam txhab lag luam tuaj yeem siv ob lub tswv yim zoo:
Nthuav cov lag luam uas tsis yog-EU kom muaj ntau yam kev pheej hmoo: Ntxiv dag zog los tshawb nrhiav cov lag luam tawm tshiab xws li Southeast Asia, Middle East, thiab South America. Cov kev lag luam tam sim no muaj cov cai nruj heev ntawm PFAS (piv txwv li, Brazil thiab Is Nrias teb tseem tsis tau muab PFAS txwv rau textiles), uas tuaj yeem ua "ua tiav" rau EU lag luam;
Siv zog rau "Kev Ua Raws Cai" los ntawm EU cov neeg yuav khoom: Ua haujlwm piav qhia tus nqi ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine rau EU cov tswv lag luam thiab sib tham txog cov nqi khoom siab dua. Qhov tseeb, EU cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab them rau "cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj." Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm European Consumers Association, textiles sau "PFAS-dawb" tuaj yeem hais kom tus nqi 10%-15%. Cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tau txais kev tswj hwm tus nqi los ntawm kev hais txog lawv "cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig."
IV. Kev Pabcuam Kev Lag Luam thiab Txoj Cai: Txo qhov hnyav thiab txhawb kev lag luam
Ntxiv rau kev lag luam 'tus kheej cov lus teb, cov koom haum kev lag luam thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm kuj tseem txhawb nqa Suav textile txawv teb chaws lag luam lag luam:
Cov koom haum kev lag luam tab tom tsim "kev teb thiab kev sib txuas lus platform": Tuam Tshoj Chamber of Commerce rau Ntshuam thiab Export ntawm Textiles thiab Apparel tau teeb tsa ntau "EU New PFAS Proposal Interpretation Meetings," caw cov kws lij choj thiab cov kws tshaj lij los teb cov lus nug los ntawm kev lag luam. Lawv kuj npaj yuav tsim kom muaj "cov txheej txheem tsis muaj fluorine-dawb txheej txheem thev naus laus zis sib koom tsev qiv ntawv" los pab cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab txo qis kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam nkag.
Tsoom fwv hauv zos tau muab "kev pab txhawb kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis": Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, thiab lwm lub xeev tau suav nrog "txoj kev hloov pauv tsis muaj fluorine rau textiles" hauv lawv txoj cai txhawb kev lag luam txawv teb chaws hauv zos. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem thov rau cov nyiaj pab txog li 30% ntawm cov nqi hloov pauv thiab txaus siab rau cov nqi ntsuas txo.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam tau txhawb nqa "Tuam Tshoj-EU Standards Dialogue": Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam tau tshaj tawm cov kev xav tau ntawm Suav cov lag luam rau EU los ntawm Tuam Tshoj-EU Joint Economic thiab Trade Committee mechanism, thiab tab tom ua haujlwm los tsim kom muaj "lub sijhawm hloov pauv" tom qab qhov kev pom zoo siv los muab cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab nrog sijhawm ntxiv.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-18-2025